Isifinyezo esiphezulu
Emakethe yokudla okuhlanganisiwe yaseBelgium encintisanayo—lapho ukudla kwengulube kumelela khona ingxenye yamathani ayizigidi ezingu-6.7 omkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wezwe—ikhwalithi ye-pellet inquma ngqo impumelelo yezentengiselwano. Lolu cwaningo luhlola indlela umshini wokuphakela wesizukulwane sesibili eWest Flanders, eBelgium, obhekane ngayo nezinkinga zokuqina kwe-pellet eziqhubekayo emgqeni wawo wokuphakela we-piglet creep ngokusebenzisa ama-Hongyang ring dies kanye nomshini wokuphakela we-HYPM-series pellet. Ngaphakathi kwemijikelezo emibili yokukhiqiza, umshini ubike ukuthuthuka okulinganiselwe ku-Pellet Durability Index (PDI), ukwehla kwama-60% ezinhlawulo, kanye nempilo yesevisi ye-ring die okwandise kathathu ukusebenza kwama-die awo angaphambilini enziwe eYurophu. Leli cala libonisa ukuthi izilinganiso zokucindezela eziklanywe ngokunemba kanye nokuvumelana kwe-metallurgical okuvela eHongyang zihumusha kanjani emiphumeleni yokukhiqiza ebonakalayo yezingxenye zokudla ezikhethekile.
1. Indawo Yokudla KwaseBelgium: Isikali Nobungcweti
IBelgium ithatha isikhundla esiyingqayizivele ekudleni kwezilwane zaseYurophu. Ngokusho kwe-Belgian Feed Association (BFA), izwe likhiqize amathani ayizigidi ezingu-6.7 okuphakelwa okuhlanganisiwe ngo-2024, ukwanda okungu-3.3% unyaka nonyaka ngemva kweminyaka emithathu yokuncipha. Ukudla kwengulube kuphela kubala cishe u-50% walesi sisamba—cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.35—okwenza kube yingxenye evelele futhi ivolumu ingaphezu kakhulu kwesilinganiso saseYurophu.
Lo mkhiqizo usekelwa imboni ehlanganisayo. Ubulungu be-BFA behle kusuka ezinkampanini eziyi-133 kuya kweziyi-125 phakathi kuka-2023 no-Ephreli 2025, kanti amabhizinisi omndeni amancane naphakathi nendawo abhekene nengcindezi enkulu evela emithethweni ye-nitrogen, imikhawulo yokuhweba, kanye nezindleko zokufaka ezikhuphukayo. Kodwa-ke ngaphakathi kwalesi simo, abakhiqizi abakhethekile abakhonza izigaba ezikhethekile—njengokudla kwezingulube ezincane zesigaba sokuqala—bayaqhubeka nokuthola indawo yokukhula ngokuhlukanisa ikhwalithi yokudla kunamanani.
Ingxenye yokudla kwe-creep ye-piglets inzima kakhulu. Ukudla kwe-creep kuyisabelo sokuqala esiqinile esinikezwa ama-piglens ancelisayo, ngokuvamile kusukela osukwini lwesi-7 kuya ku-10 lokuncelisa kuze kube yilapho ekhishwa ubisi ezinsukwini ezingama-21 kuya kwezingama-28. Ucwaningo lubonisa njalo ukuthi ukudla kwe-creep kwe-pellet kunciphisa kakhulu ukumosheka futhi kwandisa ukudla uma kuqhathaniswa nokwakheka kwe-mash noma i-crumble. Ububanzi obujwayelekile be-pellet yama-piglets bungu-2 kuya ku-3 mm, futhi ubulukhuni be-pellet kumele bulinganise ukuqina ngesikhathi sokuphatha kanye nobumnene obudingekayo ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla olungakathuthuki lwesilwane esincane.
2. Isigayo: Umsebenzi Womndeni WaseFlanders
Indawo yokufuya echazwe lapha iyinkampani yesizukulwane sesibili, ephethwe ngokuzimela etholakala eWest Flanders, cishe amakhilomitha angu-30 ukusuka emngceleni waseFrance. Lesi sikhungo sikhiqiza cishe amathani angu-8,000 okufuya okuhlanganisiwe ngenyanga, kanti ukudla kwengulube okukhukhulekayo kanye nokwelulela kubalwa u-20% womkhiqizo ophelele—cishe amathani angu-1,600 ngenyanga. Le ndawo yokufuya ikhonza inethiwekhi yamapulazi ezingulube angaba ngu-60 kulo lonke elaseFlanders nasenyakatho yeWallonia.
Sekuyiminyaka eyishumi, indandatho etholakala emshinini wokugaya ifa kumkhiqizi odumile waseYurophu. Ama-die asebenza ngokwanele kwizabelo ezijwayelekile zomlimi-wokuqeda (ububanzi be-pellet obungu-3.5 kuya ku-4.0 mm), kodwa umugqa wokudla we-creep—osebenzisa i-die engu-2.5 mm enesilinganiso sokucindezela esingu-1:8—awenzanga kahle njalo. Abaqhubi babike izinkinga ezintathu eziphindaphindayo:
- Izinhlawulo ezidlulele.Ukuhlaziywa kwesihlungo ngemva kokukhipha indle kubonise izinhlawulo ezingu-12-15% ekudleni okuqediwe kokukhipha indle, okungaphezu kakhulu komgomo womshini wokugaya ongaphansi kuka-5%.
- Ukuqina kwe-pellet okungalingani.Amanani e-PDI ashintshashintsha phakathi kuka-88 no-93 kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokukhiqiza, okwaholela ekushintsheni kokudla okudliwayo ezingeni lepulazi.
- Impilo yesevisi yesikhathi esifushane.Ukufa kokudla kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo kwakufinyelela ekupheleni kokuphila kwamathani angu-4,000 kuya ku-4,500, okungaphansi kakhulu kwesilinganiso samathani angu-6,000 esasibekelwe isabelomali salo mshini.
Ukuqukethwe kwezinhlawulo eziphezulu yikona okulimaza kakhulu kwezentengiselwano. Abakhiqizi bezingulube ezincane babike ukunqwabelana kothuli ezinhlelweni zokudla okuzenzakalelayo, kanti abanye babone ukwehla kokudla kwezingulube ezincane ezidla amathole lapho izinhlawulo zidlula khona u-10%. Njengoba ukudla kwezingulube ezincane ngaphambi kokulunyulwa kuyisibonakaliso esinamandla sokusebenza ngemva kokulunyulwa, umshini wokugaya inyama waqaphela inkinga njengosongo ekugcinweni kwamakhasimende awo.
3. Isixazululo: Ubuchwepheshe be-Hongyang HYPM Ring Die
Ekuqaleni kuka-2025, umphathi wokukhiqiza wefekthri waqala isivivinyo neHongyang Feed Machinery (Liyang Hongyang) sedayi eliyindandatho elizofakwa esikhundleni se-creep feed pellet mill, imodeli ye-CPM 7726-7. Imininingwane uHongyang ayiphakamisile yedayi eliyi-2.5 mm le-creep feed die yile:
Umehluko oyinhloko wawusekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi kanye ne-hole geometry. I-alloy kaHongyang engu-20CrMnTi enokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-carburizing ifinyelela ubulukhuni bomphezulu obungu-60-62 HRC ngenkathi igcina umongo oqinile ongaphansi komhlaba, ihlinzeka ngokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu ngaphandle kobuthakathaka. I-geometry yokukhulula yezigaba ezintathu eguquguqukayo, eyenzelwe ngokubonisana nethimba lobuchwepheshe lemboni, ihlose ukwenza ngcono umjikelezo wokucindezela kwe-pellet: indawo yokucindezela esebenza isikhathi eside ukuze ihlale isikhathi eside, ilandelwe ukukhululeka okuphothuliwe ukunciphisa ukufakwa kwe-die plugging kuma-formulations e-high-fiber creep feed.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iHongyang inikeze isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe ngemingcele yokupholisa umusi: izinga lokushisa eliqondiwe le-mash elingu-78–82 °C kanye nomswakama ongu-16–17% endaweni yokukhipha umoya, ibhendi elincane kunebanga lokusebenza langaphambilini le-mill elingu-72–85 °C.
| Ipharamitha | I-European Die Yangaphambilini | Hongyang Die |
|---|---|---|
| Ububanzi bangaphakathi be-Die | 650 mm | 650 mm |
| Ububanzi bembobo | 2.5 mm | 2.5 mm |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezelwa esisebenzayo | 1:8 | 1:8 |
| Izinto | I-X46Cr13 (1.4034) | I-20CrMnTi efakwe i-carburised + ephathwe ngokushisa |
| Ubulukhuni bomphezulu | 56–58 HRC | 60–62 HRC |
| Ukuqeda imbobo | Ukubhoboza okujwayelekile | Kubholwe ngesibhamu + kupholishiwe |
| Umklamo wokusiza | Isigaba esisodwa | Ukukhululeka okuguquguqukayo (izigaba ezi-3) |
4. Imiphumela: Ukuthuthuka Okungalinganiswa Kuma-KPI Amathathu
I-die yendandatho yaseHongyang yafakwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari 2025. Ithimba lokukhiqiza lenze ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile kwezinsuku ezingu-30, liqhathanisa idatha nesisekelo sezinyanga eziyisithupha ezedlule.
Inkomba Yokuqina Kwe-Pellet (PDI)
I-PDI ithuthuke ngamaphesenti angu-5.6, kodwa umphumela obaluleke kakhulu kwaba ukuncishiswa kwebhendi yekhwalithi. Ukwehluka kwe-PDI—okulinganiswe njengobubanzi obuncane kakhulu kumaqoqo ayi-12 aqashwe ngeso lokhozi—kwehle kusuka kumaphuzu angu-5.3 kuya kwangu-1.3. Kumakhasimende emboni, lokhu kusho ubuqotho obuqhubekayo be-pellet kukho konke ukulethwa, kwasusa izikhalazo zekhwalithi ye-batch-to-batch ezazibalwe ngaphambilini ku-40% wezingcingo zesevisi yamakhasimende.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Nokusetshenziswa Kwawo
Umthamo wokusebenza ukhuphuke ngo-8.3% kanti ukusetshenziswa kwamandla athile kwehle ngo-7.5%. Ukwehla komthwalo wemoto kubangelwe ukuqeda imbobo epholishiwe, okwehlisa ukungqubuzana kodonga ngesikhathi sokukhipha i-pellet. Ngesilinganiso samandla semishini yokugaya esingu-€0.14/kWh, ukonga amandla kuphela kuhunyushwe cishe ku-€380 ngenyanga kumugqa wokuphakelwa kwe-creep.
Impilo Yesevisi Yokufa
Kusukela ngoJuni 2026, i-Hongyang ring die yayisicubungule amathani angaphezu kuka-14,000 okuphakelwa kwe-creep futhi yayisakwazi ukusebenza kahle ngobubanzi bembobo (kulinganiswa ku-2.52–2.54 mm kumaphuzu esampula angu-12). Lokhu kusho impilo yesevisi engaphezu kwephindwe kathathu yama-dies omhlinzeki wangaphambilini (amathani angu-4,000–4,500). Isikhathi sesevisi esandisiwe sinciphise ukushintshashintsha kwama-die kusuka cishe ku-4 ngonyaka kuya kokukodwa, okusindisa amahora angama-24 okungasebenzi konyaka kanye cishe no-€900 emsebenzini kanye nokulahlekelwa komkhiqizo ngokushintshashintsha okugwenyiwe.
| I-Metric | Isisekelo (isilinganiso sezinyanga eziyi-6) | I-Hongyang Die (isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-30) |
|---|---|---|
| I-PDI (i-Pfost tumbling) | 90.2% | 95.8% |
| Ibanga le-PDI (ubuncane–ubuningi) | 88.1%–93.4% | 95.2%–96.5% |
| Amafine (<1 mm) ekudleni okuqediwe | 13.5% | 4.8% |
| I-Metric | Isisekelo | Hongyang Die |
| Umthamo wokusebenza (t/h) | 4.8 | 5.2 |
| Umthwalo wemoto (%) | 82% | 78% |
| Amandla athile (kWh/t) | 18.6 | 17.2 |
5. Umthelela Wezinga Lamakhasimende: Lokho Abalimi Bezingulube Abakuqaphelile
Lesi sitsha sahlola amakhasimende aso angu-25 okudla kwezingulube ezincane emavikini ayisithupha ngemuva kokuba ukufa kweHongyang kuqalile ukukhiqizwa okugcwele.
- Ukunciphisa imfucuza yokudla.Amapulazi ayi-19 kwangu-25 (76%) abike ukuthi uthuli oluncane kakhulu ezindaweni zokondla ezinwabuzelayo kanye nemigqa yokudla ezenzakalelayo. Amaningi alinganisela ukuthi ukuchitheka kokudla kwehle ngo-5-8%, okungathi ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwe-500-sow farrow-to-wean kungamelela i-€600–€1,200 ekongeni konyaka.
- Ukungaguquguquki kokungenisa.Amapulazi ayi-17 aphawule ukuthi amaphuphu ezingulube abonakala edla ukudla okunwabuzelayo ngokulinganayo phakathi kwamaphuphu, kanti ambalwa amacala okuziphatha "kokuhlunga amafine" lapho amaphuphu ezingulube ekhipha uthuli ukuze afinyelele kuma-pellets.
- Ukuguquka kokulumula.Ithimba lezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe lemboni lilandelele idatha yesikhathi sokulunyulwa kusuka ekukhuleni kuya ekukhuleni okuvela emapulazini amahlanu acele ukuqapha ukusebenza. Imininingwane yokuqala iphakamise ukuthuthuka okuncane ezisindweni zokulunyulwa, yize isampula yayincane kakhulu futhi isikhathi sokubuka sifushane kakhulu ukuhlukanisa ukuguquguquka kwekhwalithi yama-pellet ezicini zesizini kanye nokuphathwa.
Nakuba lokhu okubonwayo ezingeni lepulazi kungokwekhwalithi, kuhambisana nokuvumelana kocwaningo okusunguliwe kokuthi ikhwalithi yama-pellet ithinta ngqo ukudla okuhamba kancane futhi, ngokwengeziwe, ukukhula kwangaphambi kokulunyulwa.
6. Umehluko weHongyang: Isiyalo Senqubo Ngemuva Kwezinombolo
Imiphumela ebikwe lapha ayiwona umphumela wencazelo eyodwa yobuchwepheshe kodwa yindlela ehlelekile yokuklama i-ring die kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi. Indlela kaHongyang efanele kuleli cala ihlanganisa:
- Ukwelashwa kokushisa nge-vacuum carburizing.Inikeza ukujula kwecala eliqinile elifanayo (0.8–1.2 mm kwe-alloy engu-20CrMnTi) enekhono lekhabhoni elilawulwayo, inciphisa ukuphambuka uma kuqhathaniswa nokushiswa kwe-carburizing emoyeni.
- Ukuqeda imbobo ebholwe ngesibhamu.Ukubekezelelana okuqinile kwe-diametric (±0.05 mm) kanye nokungaguquguquki okuphansi kobuso (Ra ≤ 0.8 μm) uma kuqhathaniswa nemigodi ebholwe ngendlela evamile, kunciphisa ukungqubuzana kodonga kanye nokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwe-pellet.
- Umklamo wesilinganiso sokucindezelwa kwesicelo esithile.Nakuba leli cala lisebenzise isilinganiso esijwayelekile esingu-1:8 sokudla okuhamba kancane, onjiniyela baseHongyang basebenze ngemininingwane yokwakheka—kufaka phakathi okuqukethwe yi-fiber, ukufakwa kwamafutha, kanye nokuqina kwenhloso—ukuqinisekisa isilinganiso ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa.
- Imephu yokuqina ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.Idayi ngayinye ihlolwa ubulukhuni beRockwell okungenani amaphuzu angu-18 kuzo zombili ubuso kanye nomjikelezo wangaphakathi, kanti imiphumela ibhalwe esitifiketini sekhwalithi esihambisana nokuthunyelwa.
Kumshini wokugaya waseBelgium, inhlanganisela ihunyushwe yaba izinto ezintathu ezibalulekile kunoma yimuphi umphathi wokukhiqiza: ikhwalithi ye-pellet ezinzile, izindleko zokusebenza eziphansi, kanye nokungenelela okuncane okungahleliwe.
7. Isiphetho
Icala laseFlanders libonisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-ring die obuklanywe ngokunemba buletha ukukhiqizwa okulinganiselwe kanye nezinzuzo zezentengiselwano esigabeni sokudla kwe-pig creep okufunwayo. I-mill ithole i-PDI engaphezu kwama-95%, izinhlawulo ezingaphansi kwama-5%, kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo ye-die okungaphezu kwamathani ayi-14,000—konke lokhu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla athile ngaphezu kwama-7%. Le miphumela ayidinganga ukuguqulwa noma ukutshalwa kwezimali, kodwa ushintsho lomhlinzeki kuphela.
Emakethe yokudla ehlanganisiwe yaseBelgium, lapho abakhiqizi abangu-125 bencintisana khona ngesisekelo samakhasimende esinqunyiwe nesilawulwayo, ukuthembeka kokusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo eqhubekayo kuyisisekelo sokwethembeka kwamakhasimende. Kulo mkhakha womndeni, indandatho kaHongyang ibe negalelo elithule kodwa elibalulekile kokubili.
*Imithombo yedatha: Izibalo zonyaka ze-Belgian Feed Association (BFA) 2024 nge-Vilt/Boerenbusiness; i-Prairie Swine Centre “Creep Feeding Handbook” (2025); idatha yokukhiqiza ebikwe yi-feed mill enesihloko ngemvume yokushicilelwa okungaziwa.*
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-12-2026
