Imininingwane yepharamitha
Izwe laseKenya
Isifunda saseNakuru, eRift Valley
Uhlobo Lwekhasimende Umkhiqizi wokudla kobisi othengiswayo ophakathi nendawo
Uhlobo Lokudla Ama-pellets okugxila kobisi (14–18% amaprotheni angahluziwe, ububanzi obungu-6 mm)
Imishini yaseHongyang HYPM508 Ring Die Pellet Mill × iyunithi eli-1; I-HYSK160 Counterflow Cooler × iyunithi eli-1
Umthamo Wokugaya I-Pellet Olinganiselwe 8 t/h
Umphumela Wangempela Oqhubekayo 7.8–8.2 t/h
Inkomba Yokuqina Kwe-Pellet (PDI) 96.8% (Isihloli se-Holmen, amasekhondi angu-30)
Ama-Pellet Fines Angaphansi Kwama-2.0% Ngemva Kokupholisa
Izinga lokushisa lokukhipha uketshezi olupholile 3–5 °C ngaphezu kwesimo sezulu
Usuku Lokufakwa Januwari 2025
1. Isizinda
IKenya ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wobisi e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara ngaphandle kweNingizimu Afrika. Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yi-Kenya Dairy Board futhi yahlanganiswa yi-governance.co.ke portal, izwe likhiqize amalitha obisi alinganiselwa ku-5.76 billion ngo-2024, kusukela kumalitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.2 ngo-2022. Umkhakha wobisi unikela ngo-3-4% we-GDP kazwelonke kanye cishe no-12% we-GDP yezolimo, usekela imindeni yasemakhaya engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.8 futhi uhlinzeka ngemisebenzi eqondile nengaqondile engaphezu kuka-700,000. Ngaphansi kwe-Bottom-Up Economic Transformation Agenda (BETA), uhulumeni ubeke umgomo omkhulu wokuphinda kabili umkhiqizo wobisi ube amalitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 ngonyaka, kanti ukudla okunempilo kwezilwane okuthuthukisiwe kuhlonzwe njengesizathu esiyinhloko.
ISifunda saseNakuru siseRift Valley eKenya — enye yezindawo ezigxile kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kobisi ezweni. Ngo-2024 kuphela, iNakuru yakhiqiza amalitha ayizigidi ezingu-318 obisi abiza u-KSh 13.9 billion, okusekela izindlela zokuziphilisa ezingaphezu kuka-500,000 ochungechungeni lomkhiqizo wobisi, njengoba kubikwe yi-Organic Farm Kenya ngaphambi kweNgqungquthela yokuqala yeSifunda yoHlelo Lomkhiqizo Wobisi eyabanjelwa ngoSepthemba 2025. Lesi sifunda siphethe iqembu elikhulu labalimi bobisi abancane nabaphakathi abathembele ekudleni okuhlanganisiwe okwenziwe endaweni ukuze balondoloze ukusebenza kahle kokuncelisa.
Umkhakha wokukhiqiza ukudla kwezentengiselwano eKenya ukhule ngokushesha ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo. NgoFebhuwari 2025, inkampani yezizwe eziningi yaseDashi iDe Heus Animal Nutrition yayala umshini wokondla we-KSh 3 billion (cishe ama-USD 23 million) e-Athi River onekhono lonyaka lama-metric tonnes angu-240,000, onemigqa emibili yama-pellet ngayinye elinganiselwa ku-20 t/h - uphawu olucacile lomzila okhuphukayo womkhakha. Kodwa-ke, kubakhiqizi bokudla abazimele abaphakathi nendawo abasebenza ngaphandle komzila waseNairobi-Athi River, inselele akuyona ukwandiswa kwamandla kuphela; iwukufinyelela ikhwalithi yama-pellet, ukuhambisana komkhiqizo, kanye nokuthembeka kokusebenza okufunwa ngabalimi bobisi bezentengiselwano.
Ikhasimende kulolu cwaningo yinkampani yokugaya ukudla ephethwe ngumndeni esebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-15 ukusuka enkabeni yedolobha laseNakuru. Yasungulwa ngo-2012, le nkampani ikhiqiza cishe amathani angu-2,500 metric feed ngenyanga, lapho cishe u-60% wawo uqukethe ubisi oluxutshwe ngendlela ye-pellet. Umkhiqizo osele uqukethe i-chicken layer mash kanye nokudla kwengulube, kokubili okuthengiswa ngendlela yokudla. Umugqa we-milk pellet uwumkhiqizo ohamba phambili enkampanini futhi ungumthombo oyinhloko wokukhula kwawo.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa zokwakheka kokugxila kobisi zitholakala ngaphakathi kwerediyasi engamakhilomitha ayi-120: ummbila kanye negciwane lommbila elivela eKitale nase-Eldoret, ufulawa wesoya ovela ezitshalweni zokucubungula eNakuru Industrial Area, ikhekhe lembewu yekotini elivela kuma-ginneries aseLake Victoria basin, kanye nama-premixes amaminerali avela kubahlinzeki baseNairobi. Lolu chungechunge lokunikezwa kwempahla olufushane lunikeza umshini wokugaya inzuzo enkulu yezindleko eziphansi kunabancintisani abathembele ezithakweni zokudla ezingenisiwe, kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi okuqukethwe komswakama wezithako kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiya kuyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwamaqoqo - iqiniso elibeka izidingo ezinkulu emandleni okulungisa nokucindezela umshini wokugaya we-pellet.
2. Inselele
Ngaphambi kuka-2025, umugqa we-pellet wekhasimende wawakhiwe eduze kwezindawo ezimbili zokukhiqiza i-pellet eziqhutshwa yibhande ezivela kwamanye amazwe zaseNdiya, ngayinye inesilinganiso sama-t/h angu-6. Eminyakeni emine yokusebenza — lapho lezi zindawo zokukhiqiza zazicubungula ndawonye amathani angaba ngu-75,000 metric concentrate yobisi — kwavela izinkinga ezintathu eziqhubekayo, ngayinye inciphisa inzuzo kanye nokuzethemba kwamakhasimende.
Okokuqala: ukungazinzi komthamo wokudlulisa kanye nokuwohloka okuqhubekayo. Uhlelo lokudlulisa oluqhutshwa yibhande luhlupheke ngokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle okuqhubekayo njengoba ukucindezeleka kwebhande kunciphile ngaphansi komthwalo oqhubekayo kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu. INakuru isendaweni engaba amamitha ayi-1,850 ngaphezu kolwandle, kanti amazinga okushisa asemini avame ukufika ku-28–32 °C. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, abaqhubi babike ukuthi umthamo wokudlulisa wehla usuka ku-5.5 t/h kuya ku-3.8 t/h zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu zomjikelezo ngamunye wokushintsha ibhande. Ukufakwa kwebhande kwakudingeka njalo ezinyangeni ezine kuya kwezinhlanu, ngalinye lithatha amahora ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayishumi okungasebenzi komkhiqizo.
Okwesibili: ukwenziwa kwezinhlawulo eziningi kakhulu. Izigayo zakudala zazithembele ku-cooler yebhande elivundlile yesizukulwane esidala eyayilwela ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa le-pellet ngaphansi kwama-20 °C ngaphezu kwesimo sezulu ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Ama-pellet aphuma ku-cooler ku-50-55 °C abonise ukuqhekeka okuncane komhlaba njengoba ephola kakhulu ngesikhathi sokugcina, okwenza izinhlawulo eziqongelela ezikhwameni ezinkulu nasemalolini okulethwa. Ukuhlolwa kwezindawo zelebhu okwenziwe yithimba lokulawula ikhwalithi yamakhasimende kubonise okuqukethwe kwezinhlawulo okusukela ku-6.5% kuya ku-11.2% ngesisindo - okungaphezu kakhulu komkhawulo ongu-3% abalimi bobisi bezentengiselwano esifundeni saseRift Valley ababekulindele. Abalimi bakhononda ngothuli olubonakalayo ekudleni okulethiwe futhi babika ukuthi izinkomo zabo zenqaba ngokukhetha ingxenye encane, zishiya insalela ingadliwanga emigqonyeni yokudla.
Okwesithathu: ukwenyuka kwesikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe. Ukwehluleka kwe-gearbox bearing, ukukhathala kwe-ring die clamp bolt, kanye nokushisa ngokweqile kwe-cooler drive motor kuhlangene ukukhiqiza isilinganiso sokuma okungahleliwe okungu-11 ngenyanga, ngakunye kuthatha imizuzu engama-45 kuya kushifti eligcwele. Esikhathini sokuvuthwa okuphezulu (Mashi-Juni, lapho ukutholakala kwamadlelo kwehla futhi isidingo sigxila sikhuphuka), amandla okukhiqiza asebenzayo e-mill ehla cishe ngo-28% ngaphansi kwezibopho zesivumelwano, okuphoqa ikhasimende ukuthi likhiphe inkontileka yokukhiqiza ama-pellet esigayweni somncintiswano esiqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-80 - nge-premium ye-KSh 3.50 ngekhilogramu edle cishe wonke umkhawulo womugqa wama-pellet obisi.
Irekhodi lokulungisa lekhasimende lezinyanga eziyi-12 ngaphambi kokushintsha imishini liqophe ukungenelela okungahleliwe okungu-127, isikhathi esiphakathi phakathi kokwehluleka (i-MTBF) samahora okusebenza angu-65, kanye nezindleko zokulungisa zonyaka ezilingana no-18% wenani lencwadi le-pellet mills elinciphile.
3. Isixazululo sikaHongyang
NgoSepthemba 2024, ngemva kokuhlola iziphakamiso ezivela kubahlinzeki bemishini abathathu — oyedwa waseYurophu, omunye waseNdiya (imodeli elandelayo yomphathi), kanye neHongyang Feed Machinery (eLiyang, eShayina) — ikhasimende lakhetha isiphakamiso sikaHongyang. Izici ezibalulekile, njengoba kulandiswa ngumqondisi ophethe wefekthri, kwakuyilezi: (a) ukudluliswa okuqondile kwe-HYPM508 okuqhutshwa yigiya, okususa ukushelela kwebhande njengemodi yokwehluleka; (b) uhlelo lokupholisa oluhlanganisiwe, olubekwe isiphakamiso saseYurophu ngamanani aphezulu ngo-40% njengesengezo esizimele; kanye (c) ukuzimisela kukaHongyang ukuhlinzeka ngosekelo lokuthumela endaweni nethimba lonjiniyela ababili izinsuku ezingu-14.
Ukucushwa okufakiwe kungokulandelayo:
Ukucaciswa Kwengxenye
Umshini Wokugaya Ama-Pellet eHongyang HYPM508 Ring Die Pellet Mill
Injini Eyinhloko engu-160 kW, enezinsika ezi-4, i-IP55, i-Class F insulation
I-Transmission Helical gear drive, ehlanganiswe ngqo, i-oil-bath lubrication
I-Ring Die engu-508 mm ububanzi bangaphakathi, imbobo esebenza kahle engu-6.0 mm × 65 mm, insimbi engagqwali (X46Cr13), eqinile nge-vacuum ibe ngu-58–60 HRC
Isithambisi Isithambisi sokuhlukanisa se-shaft ephindwe kabili, ubude bokugcina obungu-3.0 m, ama-paddle ensimbi engagqwali
Ibhoyila yesistimu yomusi engu-1.0 t/h (ekhona), isiteshi sokunciphisa umfutho esithuthukisiwe kanye nevalvu yokulawula
Isipholile saseHongyang HYSK160 Counterflow Cooler
Umthamo Wokupholisa 8–10 t/h (ohambisana nomphumela womshini wokugaya i-pellet)
Ukuphathwa Komoya ifeni ye-centrifugal engu-15 kW ene-cyclone separator
I-Discharge Rotary airlock, idrayivu yemvamisa eguquguqukayo
Ubunjiniyela bokudlulisa: i-gear drive iqeda ukuwohloka kwebhande. I-HYPM508 isebenzisa i-helical gear drive exhunywe ngqo ku-motor eyinhloko nge-coupling eguquguqukayo, ne-ring die efakwe ku-quill shaft. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kudlulisa amandla ngesilinganiso sokunciphisa esingaguquki esingaba ngu-6.3:1, okuletha isivinini esijikelezayo se-die esingu-6.5–7.0 m/s — ngaphakathi kwefasitela elihle kakhulu lama-decision concentrate formulations aqukethe i-14–18% crude protein kanye ne-10–12% crude fiber. Ngokungafani nezandulela eziqhutshwa yibhande, akukho nto yokudlulisa engaphansi kokukhululeka kokucindezeleka, ukushintshashintsha kwe-friction coefficient okuncike ekushiseni okuzungezile, noma ukungena kothuli olunamandla. Ibhokisi legiya livaliwe futhi ligcotshwe ngamafutha, ngengilazi yokubona kanye ne-magnetic drain plug yokuhlola njalo.
Ukulungisa: isenzo sokuhlukanisa i-double-shaft samafomula ane-fiber ephezulu. Amafomula okugxila kobisi eKenya avame ukufaka ikhekhe le-cottonseed elingu-15-25% noma ikhekhe le-sunflower, zombili ezifaka isandla ku-fiber yesakhiwo ephikisana ne-gelatinization. I-double-shaft differential conditioner yaseHongyang ibhekana nalokhu ngokugcina isikhathi sokugcina semizuzwana engu-45-60 ku-82-88 °C, okuvumela ingxenye yesitashi esivela kummbila (cishe u-30-35% wefomula) ukuthi ifinyelele i-gelatinization eyanele ukuze isebenze njengesibopho semvelo. Ukuhlelwa kwe-paddle yokuhlukanisa - ene-shaft yangaphakathi neyangaphandle ejikelezayo ngesivinini esihlukile - kuvimbela ukubopha kanye nokujikeleza okufushane okuboniswa yi-single-shaft conditioners lapho kucubungula ukudla okune-fiber, okunomswakama omncane.
Ukupholisa kwe-Counterflow: ukuthintana komoya okuhleliwe kuvimbela ukushaqeka kokushisa. I-HYSK160 counterflow cooler idlula umoya ozungezile iye phezulu ngekholomu yomkhiqizo owehlayo, idala i-gradient yokushisa lapho ama-pellet ashisayo kakhulu (aphuma emshinini we-pellet ku-75-85 °C) ehlangana nomoya ofudumele kakhulu, kuyilapho ama-pellet apholile eduze kwesango lokukhipha ehlangana nomoya omusha ozungezile. Lokhu kuguquka kokushisa okuhleliwe kuvimbela ukuqhekeka okuncane komhlaba okwenzeka lapho ama-pellet ashisayo evezwa emoyeni obandayo ozungezile kuma-cooler avundlile noma aqondile awela phansi. I-variable-frequency drive ku-discharge rotary airlock ishintsha isikhathi sokuhlala komkhiqizo ukuze ifane namazinga okukhipha ama-pellet mill ahlukahlukene, iqinisekisa ukuthi i-cooler isebenza ekujuleni kombhede ofanele kulo lonke uhla lokukhipha.
I-ring die metallurgy yezinhlobo zokurhawuzelela. Ikhekhe le-cottonseed laseKenya, kuye ngokuthi livelaphi, liqukethe i-linter fiber esele kanye nenani elincane lezinhlayiya zomhlabathi ezifaka isandla ekuqhekekeni kodonga. I-Hongyang ichaze i-X46Cr13 stainless steel ring die eqinile nge-vacuum enesilinganiso sokucindezela esisebenzayo esingu-1:6.5 sembobo yokushawa engu-6.0 mm. Leli banga lezinto lifinyelela ubulukhuni bomphezulu obungu-58-60 HRC ngenkathi ligcina ukuqina okwanele ukumelana nokuqhekeka okuncane ezindaweni zokungena zembobo - imodi yokuhluleka ebonwe kuma-dies angaphambilini, aqiniswa abe yi-brittle 62-64 HRC.
4. Imiphumela
Umzila waseHongyang waqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 2025. Ithimba lokulawula ikhwalithi yamakhasimende lenze uhlelo lokuqapha ukusebenza oluhlelekile lwezinsuku ezingama-90, lilinganisa izinkomba ezibalulekile ngedatha eyisisekelo evela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokugcina zokusebenza komzila wakudala. Imiphumela ifingqiwe ngezansi.
Umugqa Wesikhathi Esidala Wesikhombisi Sokusebenza (Julayi–Disemba 2024) Ukuthuthukiswa Komugqa We-Hongyang (Feb–Ephreli 2025)
Umthamo wokudlulisa oqhubekayo 3.8–5.5 t/h 7.8–8.2 t/h +49% emngceleni ophansi
Inkomba Yokuqina Kwe-Pellet (PDI) 87.2% isilinganiso esingu-96.8% isilinganiso esingu-+9.6% amaphuzu amaphesenti
Okuqukethwe kwenhlawulo (ngemuva kokupholisa) 6.5–11.2% 1.2–2.0% –82%
Izinga lokushisa lokukhipha amanzi abandayo 20–25 °C ngaphezu kwe-ambient 3–5 °C ngaphezu kwe-ambient –80%
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla athile 22.4 kWh/t 18.1 kWh/t –19.2%
Ukuyeka okungahleliwe ngenyanga 10.6 isilinganiso 2.3 isilinganiso –78%
I-MTBF (amahora okusebenza) amahora angu-65 amahora angu-312 +380%
Izindleko zokulungisa zanyanga zonke KSh 187,000 KSh 53,000 –72%
Imiphumela emibili ifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile.
Inkomba Yokuqina Kwe-Pellet ku-96.8%. Umphumela wokuhlola we-Holmen ongu-96.8% ngemuva kwemizuzwana engama-30 umelela ubuqotho be-pellet engxenyeni ephezulu yokudla kobisi okuthengiswayo emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-double-shaft conditioner okufeza i-starch gelatinization eqhubekayo kanye ne-counterflow cooler evimbela ukuqhekeka kwe-thermal micro-cracking kuyindlela eyinhloko. Kubalimi bobisi endaweni yokusatshalaliswa kwamakhasimende, lokhu kuhunyushwa njengokudla okuhlanzekile okubonakalayo, ukwenqatshwa kwezinhlawulo eziningi ezinyangeni ezinhlanu selokhu kwaqaliswa, kanye nemibiko emfushane yokuncipha kwezinsalela zokudla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwehliswe ngo-19.2%. Lesi sibalo sibonisa umphumela ohlangene wokudluliselwa kwegiya (cishe inzuzo yokusebenza kahle engu-5% ngaphezu kwe-drive yebhande enakekelwe kahle kanye no-12% ngaphezu kwebhande eligugile), kanye nokususwa kwe-conveyor yomkhiqizo ehlukanisiwe ye-cooler kanye ne-re-circulation fan, okuhlangene okudle cishe ama-7.5 kW. Ngomthamo wokukhiqiza we-mill ongaba ama-tani ayi-1,500 ama-pellets obisi ngenyanga, ukonga okungu-4.3 kWh/t kulingana nokunciphisa izindleko zikagesi cishe u-KSh 130,000 ngenyanga - okulingana nomholo womqhubi oyedwa wokukhiqiza.
5. Impendulo Yamakhasimende
Umqondisi ophethe wefekthri, ekhuluma ngesikhathi evakashele indawo ngoMeyi 2025, unikeze ukuhlolwa okulandelayo:
"I-gear-drive pellet mill kanye ne-counterflow cooler kushintshe kakhulu indlela esihlela ngayo ukukhiqiza. Ngaphansi kokusethwa okudala, ngangihlela imishini — ngihlela amafasitela okulungisa, ngibhajethi yokushintsha amabhande, futhi ngixolisa kubalimi lapho ukulethwa sekwephuzile. Manje imishini isebenza ngokohlelo lokukhiqiza, hhayi ngenye indlela. Abalimi bethu bobisi basitshela ukuthi ama-pellet afika ephelele futhi izinkomo zabo zihlanza imigqomo. Yileyo impendulo ebaluleke kakhulu kithi."
Umphathi wokukhiqiza wengeze wathi: “Isiqandisi esiphendulayo yisona esingakaze sidunyiswe. Sasivame ukuba nezikhalazo ngesikhunta ngesikhathi semvula ngoba isiqandisi esidala sasishiya ama-pellets efudumele futhi enomswakama. Izimvula ezinde zalo nyaka — kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi — asizange sibe nomphumela ohlobene nesikhunta. Izinga lokushisa lokukhipha amanzi esikhunta alizange lidlule ku-30 °C ngisho nangezinsuku lapho isimo sezulu sifinyelela ku-30 °C. Lokho kuhambisana yilokho amakhasimende ethu akuqaphelayo.”
Ithimba lokulungisa libike ukuthi i-ring die efakwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza yayiqongelelene cishe amahora angu-6,200 okusebenza ekupheleni kukaMeyi 2025, kanti ukuguguleka kwe-die hole kulinganiswa ku-0.12 mm — ngaphakathi komkhawulo wesevisi onconywe ngumenzi ongu-0.25 mm, okuphakamisa ukuthi isikhathi se-die esibikezelwe sizodlula amahora angu-10,000 salolu hlobo.
6. Isiphetho
Icala le-Nakuru mill feed mill libonisa iphethini ephindaphindayo kubakhiqizi bokudla abaphakathi nendawo eMpumalanga Afrika: ushintsho oluvela kuma-pellet mill aqhutshwa yibhande kuya kuma-ring die pellet mill aqondiswa yigiya ngqo, kuhlanganiswe nokupholisa okuphambene, kuletha ushintsho oluncane ekuzinzeni komkhiqizo, ikhwalithi yama-pellet, kanye nesakhiwo sezindleko zokusebenza esidlula kakhulu ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.
Ku-Hongyang Feed Machinery, lo msebenzi ubonise ikhono lenkampani lokuletha isisombululo esiphelele se-pelleting — i-pellet mill, i-conditioner, kanye ne-cooler — njengephakheji ehlanganisiwe enokusekelwa kwe-commissioning endaweni yokusebenza enzima. Iwindi le-commissioning lezinsuku ezingu-14 laqedwa ngesikhathi esibekiwe, futhi umugqa wafinyelela ku-95% wamandla alinganisiwe ngosuku lwe-11 lokukhiqiza.
Embonini yokudla yaseKenya kabanzi, leli cala liqinisa isidingo esibalulekile: njengoba uhulumeni ephokophela ekukhiqizeni ubisi oluyizigidigidi eziyi-10 minyaka yonke futhi njengoba abangenelela emazweni amaningi bephakamisa izinga lokuncintisana, ikhono le-feed mill ezimele lokuncintisana ngeke lincike entengo ephansi kakhulu yokuthenga imishini, kodwa ezindlekweni eziphansi kakhulu zobunikazi kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu ye-pellet ethunyelwa esangweni lepulazi.
Imithombo yedatha: Izibalo zomkhiqizo wobisi waseKenya kanye nomkhakha wobisi ezivela ku-governance.co.ke (i-BETA Dashboard, 2024). Idatha yomkhiqizo wobisi waseNakuru County evela ku-Organic Farm Kenya (umbiko weNgqungquthela ye-Nakuru Milk Value Chain Conference, 2025). Imininingwane yesitshalo saseDe Heus Kenya evela ku-Organic Farm Kenya (uFebhuwari 2025). Imininingwane yokudla kobisi lwaseKenya evela ku-happyfeeds.co.ke kanye nohlu lomkhiqizo we-farmfeeds.org. Yonke idatha yokusebenza kwemishini evela kumarekhodi okuqapha amakhasimende, ngoJanuwari-Meyi 2025.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-20-2026
