Isifinyezo esiphezulu
Imboni yobisi yakwa-Israyeli iphethe umehluko ongafani nanoma yikuphi emhlabeni: isilinganiso esiphezulu somkhiqizo wobisi ngenkomo ngayinye emhlabeni. Ngamakhilogremu angu-12,125 ngenkomo ngayinye ngonyaka ngo-2024, ama-Israel Holstein enza kahle kakhulu kunalawo aseDenmark (10,777 kg), e-Estonia (11,350 kg), kanye nase-United States ngesilinganiso esikhulu, ngokusho kwe-Central Bureau of Statistics yakwa-Israyeli. Ngemuva kwalokhu kukhiqiza okungavamile kukhona ingqalasizinda yokukhiqiza ukudla okunempilo lapho ikhwalithi yama-pellet ingaxoxiswana.
Lolu cwaningo luhlola indlela umenzi wokudla okuhlanganisiwe wase-Israel, osebenza endaweni yokugaya ukudla esifundeni saseJezreel Valley eningizimu-mpumalanga yeHaifa ohlinzeka ngama-pellets e-TMR obisi emisebenzini yobisi engaphezu kuka-40 ye-kibbutz kanye ne-moshav, afinyelele ngayo ukuqina kwama-pellet okuqhubekayo, izinhlawulo ezincishisiwe, kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo ngemuva kokufaka umshini wokugaya i-pellet we-ring die we-Hongyang HYPM-420. Lo mshini ukhiqiza cishe amathani angu-8,000 ama-pellets okudla okuhlanganisiwe kobisi ngenyanga, okhonza imihlambi ekhiqiza amalitha angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 obisi minyaka yonke.
Ingemuva: Inselele Yokudla Kobisi Kwakwa-Israyeli
Umkhakha wobisi wakwa-Israyeli usebenza ngaphansi kwemingcele eyenza ikhwalithi yokudla ibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Amapulazi obisi angu-620 ezweni, kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2024, aphatha izinkomo zobisi ezingaba ngu-138,000, kanti ipulazi elijwayelekile likhiqiza amalitha ayizigidi ezingu-2.5 ngonyaka. Ngokungafani nemisebenzi emikhulu yobisi e-United States noma eNew Zealand, amapulazi akwa-Israyeli aphansi ngobukhulu kodwa anamandla kakhulu ekuphathweni. Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kokudla, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kokushisa, kanye nokunemba okuphelele kwe-mixed ration (TMR) kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwawo okuhamba phambili emhlabeni. Inani eliphelele lokukhiqizwa kobisi kwa-Israyeli lilinganiselwa cishe kumashekeli ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.9 ngo-2024, okubalwa cishe u-9.6% womkhiqizo wezolimo.
Kunezici eziningana ezihlanganayo ezenza ikhwalithi yama-pellet ibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kumongo wakwa-Israyeli.
Ukuthembela kokusanhlamvu okungenisiwe. I-Israel ingenisa iningi lokusanhlamvu kwayo kokudla, ikakhulukazi ummbila, ubhontshisi, kanye nokolweni, okwenza izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa zibe bucayi ekushintsheni kwamanani omhlaba kanye nokuphazamiseka kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa. Ingxabano eqhubekayo phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuthunyelwa kwesifunda oLwandle Olubomvu kuye kwandisa lobu buthakathaka. Iphuzu ngalinye lamaphesenti okusebenza kahle kokudla okutholwe ngekhwalithi ephezulu yama-pellet lisho ngqo ekunciphiseni ukuthembela kokungenisa kanye nemingcele ethuthukisiwe yabakhiqizi bobisi.
Ukucindezeleka kokushisa. Amazinga okushisa asehlobo emathafeni asogwini lwase-Israel nasezigodini zangaphakathi ngokuvamile adlula ama-35°C, okubeka ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokushisa ezinkomeni zobisi. Ucwaningo oluvela kwi-Israel's Volcani Center Agricultural Research Organisation lubonise ukuthi izinkomo ezicindezelwe ukushisa zinciphisa ukudla okomile ngamaphesenti ayi-10 kuya kwangu-20, kanye nokwehla okuhambisanayo komkhiqizo wobisi. UMnyango Wezolimo wase-Israel uphawule ukuthi ukufudumala komhlaba kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo ezinhlelweni zokupholisa kanye nemikhuba yokuphatha ukuze kulondolozwe ukukhiqizwa kobisi. Ukudla okufakwe ama-pellete, ngobuningi bawo obukhulu kanye nothuli oluncishisiwe, kukhuthaza ukudla okuhlala njalo ngisho nangaphansi kokucindezeleka kokushisa, kodwa kuphela uma ubuqotho be-pellet buhlala ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina nezokuthutha ezingafinyelela kuma-40°C ezindaweni zokudla ezingenamthunzi.
Izidingo zokufana kwe-TMR. Izazi zokudla zobisi zase-Israel zakha izabelo ze-TMR eziqondile ezilinganisela amandla, amaprotheni, i-fiber, kanye nezakhamzimba ezincane ngokunemba okumangalisayo, okuyisidingo lapho kuhloswe khona ukukhiqizwa kobisi okungaphezu kwamalitha angu-50 ngenkomo ngosuku ngesikhathi sokuncelisa okuphezulu. Ukuqina kwama-pellet nokuqina kwawo kuthinta ngqo indlela ama-pellet aziphatha ngayo kuma-mixer e-TMR. Ama-pellet athambile ayahlukana abe ama-fines ahlukanisa ku-mixer futhi agwenywa ngokukhethekile yizinkomo, okudala ukungalingani kokudla okunempilo. Ama-pellet aqinile, ahlala isikhathi eside agcina ubuqotho bawo ngokuxuba nokuletha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke i-mouth feed iqukethe iphrofayili yezakhamzimba eklanyiwe.
Umkhuba wokuhlanganiswa kwezimboni. Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2024, ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwepulazi lobisi ngalinye lakwa-Israyeli kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-26, kusukela kumalitha ayizigidi eziyi-1.713 kuya kumalitha ayizigidi eziyi-2.516, kanti inani lamapulazi lehle lisuka ku-634 laya ku-620. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kusho ukuthi umshini ngamunye wokudla manje ukhonza amakhasimende ambalwa kodwa amakhulu, lapho izinkinga zekhwalithi yama-pellet zinomthelela omkhulu ngokwezimali.
Umkhiqizi: Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesigayo Sokudla Sesifunda Ukuze Kukhule
Imboni yokudla eyinhloko yalolu cwaningo, etholakala eJezreel Valley eningizimu-mpumalanga yeHaifa, ibilokhu ikhonza umphakathi wendawo wobisi kusukela ngo-1998. Ekuqaleni kwakuyinkampani encane ekhiqiza amathani angu-2,000 ngenyanga okuphakelwayo okucoliwe nokuphekiwe, le mboni yanda kancane kancane njengoba ukuhlanganiswa kobisi kwa-Israyeli kwagxila ekukhiqizeni emapulazini ambalwa kodwa akhiqiza kakhulu.
Ngo-2022, lo mshini wawukhiqiza cishe amathani ayi-6,500 ngenyanga usebenzisa imishini emibili yokugaya i-die pellet evela kumkhiqizi waseYurophu. Nakuba imishini yayisebenza kahle, yayisisondela ekupheleni kwempilo yayo yezomnotho. Izinkinga ezibalulekile zokusebenza zazihlanganisa i-Pellet Durability Index (PDI) elinganiselwa kumaphesenti angama-92 kuya kwangu-93 emikhiqizo yobisi, ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-96 ngaphezu komgomo ochazwe ochwepheshe bezokudla kwezicelo ze-TMR; ukuguguleka ngokweqile kwe-die kanye ne-roller okudinga ukushintsha kwe-die njalo ngamathani ayi-1,200 kuya kwangu-1,500; ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhuphukayo okungu-18 kuya ku-20 kWh ngethani ngalinye lokugaya i-pellet kuphela; kanye namazinga okubuyisela amaphesenti angama-4 kuya kwangu-5, okumelela kokubili ukulahlekelwa komkhiqizo kanye nezindleko zokucubungula kabusha.
Abaphathi befektri baqaphela ukuthi ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa okungaphelele ngeke kuvale igebe. Ukufakwa kabusha komugqa owodwa wokufaka i-pellet kwahlelwa isabelomali sika-2023, ngenqubo yokuhlola yokuncintisana ehilela abahlinzeki abavela eYurophu, eShayina naseTurkey.
Isixazululo: I-Hongyang HYPM Ring Die Pellet Mill
Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwezinyanga eziyisithupha okuhlanganisa ukuvakashelwa kwezindawo zokufaka izinkomba emkhakheni wezinkukhu zaseGibhithe kanye nemboni yokudla kobisi yase-Ethiopia, ukuhlolwa kwezitshalo ngamasampula, kanye nezingxoxo zobuchwepheshe eziningiliziwe nethimba lobunjiniyela laseHongyang, umshini wokugaya uqoke umshini wokugaya i-ring die pellet waseHongyang HYPM-420 ukuze ufakwe emgqeni wawo oyinhloko wokudla kobisi.
I-HYPM-420, eyingxenye yochungechunge lwe-ring die lwe-Hongyang oluphakathi nendawo, inobubanzi be-die bangaphakathi obungu-420mm obunobubanzi obusebenzayo obungu-120mm, obuqhutshwa yinjini enkulu engu-110 kW. Izici eziningana zobuchwepheshe zathonya ukukhetha.
Ama-ring dies kaHongyang akhiqizwa ngemishini yokugaya izibhamu ye-CNC kanye nokwelapha ukushisa nge-vacuum, kanye nokubekezelelana kobubanzi bemigodi okugcinwe ngaphakathi kwe-plus noma minus 0.05mm kanye nezilinganiso zokucindezela ezingenziwa ngokwezifiso kusukela ku-1:4 kuya ku-1:12. Ekusetshenzisweni kobisi kwase-Israel, kwacaciswa ububanzi bemigodi yokufa engu-8mm enesilinganiso sokucindezela esingu-1:7, elungiselelwe ukwakheka kwe-mill kwebhali elingamaphesenti angu-35, ummbila ongamaphesenti angu-25, ukudla kwesoya okungamaphesenti angu-18, kanye ne-bran kakolweni engamaphesenti angu-22 kanye ne-premix yamaminerali.
Indlela yokulungisa amaroli angavamile ye-HYPM ivumela opharetha ukuthi bagcine indawo evulekile kahle kuyo yonke impilo yenkonzo yedayi ngaphandle kokususa i-roller assembly, ikakhulukazi lapho izinguquko ezivamile phakathi kokuhlanganiswa kobisi, inkomo eyomile, kanye nenkomo yenkomo zidinga ukulungiswa okusheshayo kokususwa kwamaroli.
I-HYPM-420 ifaniswe ne-conditioner enezingqimba ezimbili enikeza isikhathi sokugcina imizuzwana engama-90, ifakwe i-valve yomusi eguqulayo egcina izinga lokushisa lokuxubha ngaphakathi noma ngaphansi kwe-1°C yethagethi engu-78 kuya ku-82°C yokudla kobisi, okwanele ukugaya isitashi kanye nokulawula izifo ngaphandle kokulimala kokushisa kwekhwalithi yamaprotheni.
I-Hongyang inikeze amagobolondo e-roller ane-chromium alloy roller (HRC 58-62) ukuze kufakwe okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu okune-high-inclusive, okuhlinzeka ngokumelana nokuklwebheka kanye nokuqina okudingekayo ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-mill lwamahora angu-20 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyisithupha ngesonto.
Ukuqaliswa kanye Nemiphumela
Ukufakwa kwaqedwa ngesikhathi sokuvalwa okwakuhleliwe kwezinsuku eziyi-10 ngoMashi 2023. I-HYPM-420 yahlanganiswa emugqeni okhona ongenhla kwe-counterflow cooler kanye nohlelo lokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa lwe-fill. I-Hongyang yathumela unjiniyela omkhulu owayeqondisa ukufakwa kwemishini, ukuhlanganiswa kukagesi, futhi waqeqesha opharetha izinsuku ezinhlanu.
Ukukhiqizwa kuqale kabusha kulayini omusha ngamaphesenti angama-70 omthamo olinganiselwe ngesonto lokuqala, kwanda kwaze kwaba yilapho kuphuma khona ngokugcwele ngosuku lwesishiyagalombili. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-14 zokusebenza okuqhubekayo kuze kube ngu-Ephreli 2024, cishe amahora okusebenza angu-8,400, umshini ubike izilinganiso zokusebenza ezilandelayo uma kuqhathaniswa nomugqa owawuthathe indawo yawo.
Umthamo wama-pellets obisi angu-8mm ukhuphuke kusuka kumathani angu-4.2 ngehora kuya kumathani angu-5.8 ngehora, okuwukuthuthuka ngamaphesenti angu-38. I-Pellet Durability Index, elinganiswa ngendlela ye-tumble box, ikhuphuke kusuka kumaphesenti angu-92 kuya ku-93 yaya kumaphesenti angu-96.5 kuya ku-97.5 ahambisanayo. Izinga lokubuyiselwa kwezinhlawulo lehle kusuka kumaphesenti angu-4 kuya ku-5 laya kumaphesenti angu-1.2 kuya ku-1.8, okuwukuncishiswa ngamaphesenti angu-65. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla athile kwehle kusuka ku-18 kuya ku-20 kWh ngethani kuya ku-14.2 kuya ku-15.5 kWh ngethani, okuwukonga ngamaphesenti angu-22. Impilo yesevisi ye-die yefomula yobisi engu-8mm ikhuphuke kusuka kumathani angu-1,200 kuya ku-1,500 kuya kumathani angaphezu kuka-3,800, okungaphezu kokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2.5. Impilo yegobolondo le-roller ikhuphuke kusuka kumathani angu-600 kuya ku-800 kuya kumathani angaphezu kuka-2,200, okungaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu kunesikhathi sesevisi sangaphambilini. Isikhathi sokuphumula esingahleliwe sehle sisuka emahoreni angu-8 saya kwangu-12 ngenyanga saya emahoreni amabili kuya kwamathathu.
Intuthuko ebaluleke kakhulu kumakhasimende abalimi bobisi befektri kwaba ukwenyuka kwe-PDI kusuka kumaphesenti angu-92 kuya kwangu-93 kuya kumaphesenti angu-96.5 kuya kwangu-97.5. Ngokwendlela engokoqobo, lokhu kwakusho ukuthi ama-pellet afika kuma-mixer e-TMR epulazini angaqhekeki kakhulu, okunciphisa izinhlawulo ezaziqongelela phansi kwezindawo zokudla futhi zenqatshwa yizinkomo. Umphathi wekhwalithi wefektri waphawula ukuthi izikhalazo zamakhasimende ezihlobene nekhwalithi yama-pellet, eyayinesilinganiso sama-3 kuya kwangu-4 ngenyanga ngemishini yangaphambilini, yehle yaya ku-zero ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-HYPM.
Umthelela Wamakhasimende: Lokho Abalimi Bobisi Abakubonile
Isisekelo samakhasimende ale ndawo yokugaya sihlanganisa amapulazi asukela ezinkomeni ezisengayo eziyi-150 kuya kweziyi-800, kanye nomhlambi onesisindo esimaphakathi esingaba yizinkomo ezingama-320. Eziningana zondla ngokugxila okuphekiwe kuphela njengengxenye ye-TMR ehlanganisa i-corn silage, i-wheat silage, utshani be-alfalfa, kanye nemikhiqizo evela embonini yokudla yendawo.
Abaphathi abathathu bamapulazi obisi abaxoxiswene nabo kulolu cwaningo babike ukubonwa okuqhubekayo ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa komugqa wokugaya ama-pellets emshinini.
Umsebenzi wezinkomo ezingu-500 e-Upper Galilee wawuke wabona ukuqongelela okubonakalayo kwezinhlawulo ezindlini zokudla ngemva kokulethwa kwe-TMR, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo lapho izingcezu zenkomo zazithambekele kakhulu ekuthambekeni okubangelwa ukushisa. Ngemva kokuthuthukiswa, umphathi wepulazi wabika ukuthi akukho nhlobo ukuwohloka kwezingcezu zenkomo okubonakalayo endaweni yokudla, kanti ukufundwa kwezingcezu zenkomo zansuku zonke kubonisa ukusetshenziswa okufanayo emhlambini wonke.
Isazi sokudla esikhonza ubisi lwezinkomo ezingama-380 i-kibbutz eduze kwase-Afula silandele amaphesenti amafutha obisi namaprotheni ngaphambi nangemva kokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ye-pellet. Ngenkathi izici eziningi zithonya ukwakheka kobisi, isazi sokudla siphawule ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwenyanga nenyanga kwamaphesenti amafutha obisi kunciphile kusukela ekuphambukeni okujwayelekile kwamaphuzu angu-0.22 ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kuya kumaphuzu angu-0.12 ngemva kokuthuthukiswa, okubangelwa ngokwengxenye ukulethwa kwezakhamzimba okuqhubekayo okuvela kuma-pellets okugcina ubuqotho ngenqubo yokuxuba nokondla ye-TMR.
I-moshav yobisi lwezinkomo ezingama-280 ibale ukuthi ukwehla kokulahlwa kokudla, okwakubalwa ngaphambili cishe ngamaphesenti ayi-1.5 kuya kwangama-2 okugcwala okuphekiwe okulahlekile njengezinhlawulo ezingadliwanga, kuhlanganiswe nokusebenza kahle kokudla kwezinga lomhlambi, kuhunyushwe ekuncishisweni okulinganiselwa ku-ILS 0.03 kuya ku-0.04 kwezindleko zokudla ngelitha ngalinye lobisi olukhiqizwayo. Emsebenzini okhiqiza amalitha ayizigidi ezingu-2.8 ngonyaka, lokhu kumele ukonga cishe ama-ILS angu-84,000 kuya ku-112,000, okulingana cishe nama-euro angu-21,000 kuya ku-28,000 ngonyaka.
Indima kaHongyang: Ngale Kokunikezwa Kwemishini
Iphrojekthi yakwa-Israyeli ibonisa izici eziningana zendlela ye-Hongyang Feed Machinery.
Ithimba lobuchwepheshe laseHongyang lihlaziye uhla oluphelele lwemikhiqizo yobisi yalesi sitsha, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukahluka kwesizini ekutholakaleni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana nebhali lasehlobo uma kuqhathaniswa nokolweni wasebusika kanye nezilinganiso zentengo yommbila nobhontshisi wesoya ezishintshashintshayo, futhi laklama idayi enobubanzi obuhlukahlukene bokukhululeka emigqeni yemigodi ukuze kuthuthukiswe umkhiqizo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo.
Uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa lwezinsuku ezinhlanu endaweni luhlanganise izinqubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile, imikhuba emihle yokugcinwa kwe-die and roller, ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile zokufakwa kwe-pellet okuhlanganisa ukugoba, ama-pellet athambile, kanye nezinhlawulo eziningi, kanye nezinqubo zokugcina amarekhodi ezivumela ukuhlela ukugcinwa okuqhutshwa idatha. Umqhubi oholayo wefektri, owayeneminyaka engu-18 yesipiliyoni sokufakwa kwe-pellet, uchaze ukuqeqeshwa njengokudluliselwa kobuchwepheshe okuhlelekile kakhulu akuthola kunoma yimuphi umhlinzeki wemishini.
Lapho umshini wokugaya uncipha kakhulu ezinyangeni eziyi-10, ekugcineni kwatholakala ukuthi usetshenziswe njengesihluzo somusi esigugile esinciphisa ukusebenza kahle komoya, ithimba lobuchwepheshe laseHongyang lathola inkinga likude zingakapheli amahora amane lithole amalogi edatha yokusebenza, lavimbela ushintsho olungadingekile lwedayi futhi longa cishe ama-euro angu-3,500 ezingxenyeni kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi.
Isiphetho
Imikhiqizo yobisi ehamba phambili emhlabeni embonini yobisi yakwa-Israyeli ayibangelwa yi-genetics kuphela. Ibonisa uhlelo lapho yonke into efakiwe, okuhlanganisa i-genetics, ukudla okunomsoco, ukuphathwa, ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla, ilungiselelwe ukusekela ukusebenza okungavamile kwezinto eziphilayo. Ikhwalithi ye-pellet, nakuba ivame ukungabonakali kumthengi, iyisixhumanisi esibalulekile kulolu chungechunge.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwalesi sitsha sokudla saseJezreel Valley kubonisa ukuthi imishini efanele yokufaka ama-pellet, eyenzelwe izidingo ezithile zokukhiqizwa kokudla kobisi futhi isekelwa ukubambisana kobuchwepheshe okuzinikele, iletha ukuthuthuka okulinganiselwe ekuqineni kwama-pellet, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kanye nemiphumela epulazini kumkhiqizi wobisi.
I-HYPM ring die pellet mill yaseHongyang Feed Machinery, ngokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqondile ezidingekayo ukuze kondliwe izinkomo zobisi ezikhiqiza kakhulu emhlabeni, ibonakalise indawo yayo kwenye yezindawo zokukhiqiza ukudla ezidinga kakhulu ezolimo emhlabeni jikelele.
Mayelana ne-Hongyang Feed Machinery: I-Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. igxile ekwakhiweni, ekukhiqizweni nasekuhlinzekweni kwemishini yokugaya i-ring die pellet, imishini yokugaya i-hammer, imishini yokuxuba, imishini yokupholisa, imishini yokugaya i-crumblers, kanye nemigqa ephelele yokukhiqiza ukudla. Njengoba inolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabili embonini, i-Hongyang ikhonza abakhiqizi bokudla emazweni angaphezu kwama-50 emikhakheni yezinkukhu, imfuyo, ukudla kwasemanzini kanye nokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-13-2026
