Izwe: IMongolia
Uhlobo Lweklayenti: Indawo yokudla yenkomo nezimvu ehlanganisiwe enobukhulu obuphakathi (izinkomo eziyi-8,500 zekhanda, izimvu eziyi-12,000, indawo yokudla kuze kube sekupheleni)
Uhlobo Lokudla: Ama-pellets okudla okuphelele kwezilwane ezincelisayo (okusekelwe ekudleni kwebhali, ukolweni, utshani, i-rapeseed)
Imishini: I-Hongyang HYPM-508 ring die pellet mill ene-conditioner enwetshiwe enezingqimba ezimbili, i-SFSP hammer mill, i-twin-shaft paddle mixer, i-counter-flow cooler
Umkhiqizo Wokudla Wonyaka: Amathani angu-22,000
Umphumela Oyinhloko: I-PDI ithuthuke kusuka ku-86.2% kuya ku-94.6%; ukukhuluphala kwansuku zonke ebusika kukhuphuke ngo-15% (kusuka ku-0.72 kuya ku-0.83 kg/ngosuku lwezinkomo); izindleko zokudla zonyaka zisindisa cishe i-MNT 87 million
Ingemuva
Umkhakha wemfuyo waseMongolia uwumgogodla womnotho wezwe, njengoba umhlambi ufinyelela ezinhlokweni eziyizigidi ezingu-64.7 kusukela ngo-2023, ophethwe kakhulu ngokudla kwezilwane okukhululekile okujwayelekile kulo lonke izwe elingamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-112 zamadlelo. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlelo olubanzi lubhekene nezingcindezi ezinkulu zesakhiwo. I-Asian Development Bank ithole ukudlisa ngokweqile kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu njengezimbangela eziyinhloko zokuwohloka kwamadlelo, iphawula ukuthi amazinga okugcina imfuyo adlula umthamo wokuthwala kuzo zonke izifunda - kusukela ku-106% entshonalanga kuya ku-2,672% ongazinzile emzileni wase-Ulaanbaatar. Umbiko we-ADB uchaze umkhakha wemfuyo waseMongolia njengosebenza ngaphansi komodeli "womsebenzisi nomgcini" kunesistimu "yomkhiqizi nomfuyi", lapho abelusi bephatha izinombolo zezilwane njengendlela yokonga kunokugxila ekukhiqizeni ngenhloko ngayinye.
Isenzakalo "se-dzud" — ubusika obunzima obulandela ihlobo elomile, obubonakala ngeqhwa elijulile, ukumbozwa yiqhwa, kanye namazinga okushisa awela ngaphansi kuka--40°C — sebuvame kakhulu ngaphansi kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Phakathi kuka-2000 no-2023, iMongolia yabhekana nezigameko eziyisithupha ezinkulu ze-dzud. Ubusika buka-2023-2024 kuphela babangela ukulahlekelwa kwemfuyo okulinganiselwa okungaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5.9 zekhanda, okugxile phakathi kwezilwane ezingene ebusika zisesimweni esibi somzimba ngenxa yokungondleki kahle kokudla okwengeziwe. Isu lokuthuthukiswa kwe-Vision 2050 yaseMongolia libeka phambili ngokusobala ushintsho "kusuka enanini lemfuyo iyonke kuya ekukhiqizeni okuphelele," kanti iSigaba 1 (2021-2030) sigxile ekukhiqizweni kokudla kwesimanje njengensika eyisisekelo.
Umsebenzi wokudla okuhlanganisiwe ophakathi nendawo eSifundazweni saseTöv, cishe amakhilomitha ayi-120 eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ulaanbaatar, waqaphela ukuphuthuma kwalolu shintsho. Lo msebenzi wagcina izinkomo zenyama yenkomo ezingu-8,500 kanye nezimvu ezingu-12,000 kumodeli ehlanganisiwe yokuqeda ukudla, wathola utshani obuvela kumahektha angu-170,000 amadlelo asebusika abelwe. Ngemuva kokulahlekelwa yi-dzud ka-2023-2024, ithimba labaphathi laphetha ngokuthi ukuthembela ekungezeni utshani obusebusika kuphela akusasebenzi. Bafuna ukusungula indawo yokufaka ukudla okuhlanganisiwe endaweni ekwazi ukusebenza ngokwethembeka phakathi nobusika baseMongolia, lapho amazinga okushisa avamile ehla afike ku--30°C futhi ngezinye izikhathi afinyelele ku--40°C.
Inselele
Indawo yokudla izinkomo yayivame ukufuya izinkomo ebusika ngokudla utshani bomdabu obunezelwa ibhali elikhululekile kanye ne-bran kakolweni, okwabiwa ngesandla kabili ngosuku kusetshenziswa izitsha zokudla ezidonswa ngogandaganda. Izinkinga ezintathu ezixhumene zaholela esinqumweni sokutshala imali ekufakeni ama-pellet:
Ukwehla kwesisindo kwesizini. Amarekhodi angaphakathi kusukela ebusika 2022-2023 kanye no-2023-2024 abonise ukwehla kwesisindo okumaphakathi kwansuku zonke kwamagremu angu-180-220 ngekhanda ngosuku phakathi nenkathi yokubanda kwezinyanga ezinhlanu (Novemba kuya kuMashi). Izinkomo ezifika ebusika zinobunzima obungama-380-420 kg ngokuvamile zavela ngo-Ephreli ku-340-370 kg - ukulahleka okuphelele kwama-40-50 kg ngesilwane ngasinye okumele cishe i-MNT 320,000-400,000 ngenani lemakethe elilahlekile ngekhanda ngalinye ngamanani enyama yenkomo akhona.
Ukumosheka kokudla. Ukudla utshani obuxegayo kanye nokusanhlamvu ngaphansi kwezimo zasemathafeni anomoya kwaholela emazingeni okumosheka okulinganiselwa ku-25-30%, njengoba izinhlayiya zokukhanya zazivunguza ezindaweni zokudla ngaphambi kokudliwa. Izimvu zathinteka kakhulu, kanti izinhlamvu zebhali ezincane zalahleka eqhweni futhi umhlambi ungafinyeleleki.
Ikhwalithi yokudla okungeziwe engaguquki. Lo msebenzi wawuzame ukuthenga ukudla okuhlanganisiwe kusuka endaweni yokugaya eduze kwase-Ulaanbaatar ngesikhathi sasebusika sango-2023, kodwa ukuqina kwama-pellet kwakungaguquki. Ukuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri kwezindawo ezithengiwe kubonise amanani e-Pellet Durability Index (PDI) eshintshashintsha phakathi kuka-83% no-88%. Ukuthutha okungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-120 emigwaqweni egandayiwe kancane kanye neyitshe - kuhlanganiswe namazinga okushisa abandayo afaka ama-pellet asesimweni esibi - kwakusho ukuthi izinhlawulo ebhentshini lokudla zazivame ukudlula u-18% ngesisindo lapho zifika.
Ithimba lezilwane libhale phansi iphethini ephindaphindayo: izinkomo ezidla kakhulu izinhlayiya ezincane zibonise ukwanda kwe-ruminal acidosis, okungenzeka ukuthi ibangelwa ukubila okusheshayo kwezinhlayiya ezincane zama-carbohydrate ezidlula ukugaya okuvamile. Lokhu kuqaphelwa kuhambisana nocwaningo lokudla okunomsoco olusungulwe olubonisa ukuthi ubuqotho be-pellet buthinta ngqo impilo ye-rumen ezinkomeni ezifuywayo.
Isixazululo Hongyang
Ngo-Agasti 2025, iLiyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. yaletha futhi yayala umugqa ophelele wokufaka ama-pellet ogxile ku-HYPM-508 ring die pellet mill, olungiselelwe kanje:
I-Pellet Mill: I-HYPM-508, injini eyinhloko engu-132 kW, ububanzi bangaphakathi be-ring die obungu-508 mm
I-Ring Die: Insimbi engagqwali X46Cr13, i-vacuum eqinile ku-HRC 54-56, ububanzi bembobo engu-6.0 mm, isilinganiso sokucindezela esingu-1:8.5
Uhlelo Lokulungisa: I-conditioner enwetshiwe enezingqimba ezimbili ene-insulation yejakethi yomusi (isikhathi sokugcina imizuzwana engu-55-70, izinga lokushisa le-mash eliqondiswe ku-75-80°C endaweni yokungena ye-die)
Imishini Esizayo: I-Hongyang SFSP hammer mill (90 kW, isikrini esingu-3.0 mm), i-twin-shaft paddle mixer (1,000 kg/batch), i-counter-flow cooler ene-insulation air intake
Umthamo Wokuklama: Amathani angu-4.0-4.5 ngehora ekudleni okuphelele kwezilwane ezidla inyama
Izinqumo ezintathu zobunjiniyela zibonakale zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle ebusika:
Umklamo wokulungisa isimo sezulu esibandayo. Ubusika baseMongolia busho ukuthi okusanhlamvu okugcinwe ezindlini ezingashisiswanga kungafinyelela ku--25°C noma ngaphansi ngesikhathi sokudla. Ama-conditioner ajwayelekile anesendlalelo esisodwa anokugcinwa kwemizuzwana engama-20-30 awakwazi ukuletha i-mash eqandisiwe ekushiseni kwe-gelatinization. Ithimba lobunjiniyela laseHongyang lichaze i-conditioner enesendlalelo esiphindwe kabili enesikhathi sokugcinwa esisebenzayo semizuzwana engama-55-70 kanye nokufakwa komusi kubha engu-5.0 — ephakeme kunebha ejwayelekile engu-3.5-4.0 esetshenziswa ezindaweni ezifudumele. Ijazi le-conditioner laligoqwe nge-insulation yoboya obuyi-mineral engu-50 mm futhi limbozwe ngensimbi ehlanganisiwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kokushisa. Ngesikhathi sokuqalisa izivivinyo ku--28°C ambient, uhlelo luhlale lufinyelela amazinga okushisa e-mash angu-75-80°C endaweni yokungena, okuvumela amazinga e-starch gelatinization angu-35-38% njengoba kuqinisekiswe ukuhlolwa kokudaya i-iodine.
Ukwenziwa ngcono kwesilinganiso sokucindezela indandatho yokudla kwezilwane ezidla inyama. Ukwakheka kokudla kwale nkampani — ibhali elingu-35%, ukolweni ongu-20%, utshani bomdabu obungu-25% (ogayiwe kuya ku-3.0 mm), ukudla kwembewu yerapeseed okungu-15%, i-premix engu-5% yamaminerali namavithamini — kuveze iphrofayili enzima yokugaya ama-pellet. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwefayibha kusuka kotshani kanye nokolweni kunciphisa ukubopha kwemvelo, kuyilapho ukugaya okuqinile okuthandwa ukudla kwezilwane ezidla inyama (1.5-2.5 mm) kunikeza indawo encane yokwakheka kwesitashi uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla kwenkukhu okugayiwe kahle. Ithimba lesicelo likaHongyang lenze isivivinyo sezinsuku ezine endaweni ngefomula yangempela yasebusika, lihlola isilinganiso sokucindezela esingu-1:7, 1:8.5, kanye no-1:10. Isilinganiso esingu-1:8.5 — sisebenzisa idayisi engu-6.0 mm enobude bokucindezela obusebenzayo obungu-51 mm — sinikeze ibhalansi efanele: i-PDI engu-94.6% (indlela ye-Holmen, evivinywe ngemuva kokuqandisa kwamahora angu-24 ku--30°C ukuze ilingise izimo zokuhamba zasebusika) ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla athile okungu-22.4 kWh/tonne ku-pellet mill motor. Isilinganiso esingu-1:10 sinyuse kancane i-PDI yaba ngu-95.8% kodwa sanyusa amandla athile aba ngu-27.1 kWh/tonne, ukwanda okungu-21% isakhiwo sezindleko zamandla e-diesel-generator yokusebenza asikwazanga ukumunca. Isilinganiso esingu-1:7 sikhiqize i-PDI engu-89.3% kuphela, ngaphansi komgomo omncane ongu-90% womsebenzi.
Inqubo yokushisa i-die engangeni eqandisini. Ngaphambi kokushintsha ngakunye kokukhiqiza kwasebusika, i-ring die nama-roller kwakushisa ngokugijima umshini wokugaya ngaphandle komthwalo lapho umusi ugeleza nge-conditioner imizuzu engama-25-30, kuphakamisa izinga lokushisa le-die libe ngu-28-32°C ngaphambi kokwethulwa kokuqala kwe-mash. Le nqubo - ebhalwe phansi kwinqubo yokusebenza ejwayelekile yolimi lwesiMongolia (i-SOP) eyathuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela onjiniyela baseHongyang kanye nethimba lokulungisa le-feedlot - yaqeda izehlakalo zokuvinjelwa kwe-die kokuqala okubandayo ezazibonwe njengengozi ngesikhathi sesigaba sokubuyekezwa komklamo.
Imiphumela
Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyishumi nambili zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa nomjikelezo ogcwele wasebusika (kusukela ngoNovemba 2025 kuya kuMashi 2026), ukukhiqizwa kwangaphakathi kwe-feedlot kanye namarekhodi ezilwane alobe okulandelayo:
Ushintsho lwe-Metric Pre-Hongyang (Ubusika 2023-2024) Ngemva kwe-Hongyang (Ubusika 2025-2026)
— — — — —
Inkomba Yokuqina Kwe-Pellet (PDI) 86.2% (ukudla okuthengiwe) 94.6% (endaweni) +8.4 amaphuzu
Izinhlawulo zokudla embhedeni 18.3% 5.1% -13.2 amaphuzu
Izinkomo ezithola inzuzo yansuku zonke ebusika -0.18 kg/ngosuku (ukulahlekelwa) +0.83 kg/ngosuku (ukuzuza) +1.01 kg/ngosuku inetha
Izimvu zikhula nsuku zonke ebusika -0.06 kg/ngosuku (ukulahlekelwa) +0.19 kg/ngosuku (ukuzuza) +0.25 kg/ngosuku inetha
Izinga lokuchitha ukudla 27% 6% -21 amaphuzu
Amandla athile okugaya ama-pellet — 22.4 kWh/tonne —
Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwe-ring die — amathani angu-7,200 (okuqhubekayo) —
Izindleko zokudla zonyaka (22,000 t) I-MNT 3.41 billion I-MNT 3.32 billion -I-MNT 87 million
Ukuguquka kusuka ekunciphiseni isisindo sasebusika kuya ekukhuleni kwesisindo sasebusika kumelela umphumela obaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho. Ezinkomeni zodwa, ukushintsha kusuka ekulahlekelweni yi-0.18 kg/ngosuku kuya ekutholeni i-0.83 kg/ngosuku ezinsukwini zasebusika eziyi-150 kumelela ukuthuthuka okuphelele okungaba ngu-151 kg ngekhanda ngalinye — okulingana nesisindo esengeziwe esingathengiswa esilinganiselwa cishe ku-MNT 1.2 million ngesilwane ngasinye ngamanani enyama yenkomo ngo-Ephreli 2026. Kuzo zonke izinkomo eziyi-8,500, inzuzo engenayo yonyaka ebikezelwe idlula i-MNT 10 billion.
Ukwehla kokulahlwa kokudla kusuka ku-27% kuya ku-6% - ukuthuthuka kwamaphuzu angu-21% - kubala isabelo esikhulu sokonga izindleko zokudla zonyaka ze-MNT eziyizigidi ezingu-87. Uhlobo lwe-pellet luqede inkinga yokulahlekelwa umoya eyayihluphe utshani obukhululekile kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu emathafeni avulekile, kuyilapho ukuqina okuthuthukisiwe kwaqinisekisa ukuthi ama-pellet ahlala ephilile ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-auger yemishini kanye nezimo zokubanda.
I-ring die yaqeda amathani angu-7,200 okukhiqiza ngoJuni 2026 futhi yaqhubeka nokusebenza, kanti izilinganiso zokuguga kwe-bore ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwanyanga zonke zibonisa amaphethini okugqoka afanayo ngaphakathi komkhawulo olindelwe we-Hongyang wamathani angu-8,500-9,000 - okuhambisana nokusebenza okulotshwe ecaleni lenkampani lase-Estonia eliphathelene nesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Impendulo Yamakhasimende
UBatbayar Ganbold, umphathi wezokusebenza we-feedlot, ukhulume ngalo msebenzi ekubuyekezweni kukaJuni 2026:
"Sicabangele imishini evela kubaphakeli baseShayina, baseYurophu, nabaseRussia. I-Hongyang iwine ekulungiseleleni ubuchwepheshe. Onjiniyela babo bachitha isonto lonke endaweni ngaphambi kokuba sisayine inkontileka, belinganisa okuqukethwe kwethu komswakama webhali, behlola izici zethu zokugaya utshani, futhi behlaziya amarekhodi ethu okushisa kwasebusika eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. Babuye nesilinganiso sokucindezela indandatho kanye nencazelo yokulungisa isimo esibalwe ngqo ngezinto zethu zokusetshenziswa kanye nesimo sezulu sethu - hhayi isincomo sekhathalogi. Akekho omunye umhlinzeki owenza lelo zinga lomsebenzi wasekhaya."
UGanbold waphawula ukuthi izinga lokufa kwe-feedlot ebusika - elalifinyelele ku-6.2% ngesikhathi sika-2023-2024 dzud - lehle laya ku-1.7% ngo-2025-2026, okuyinto ayisho ngokuyinhloko ukuthi ibangelwa yizilwane ezingena futhi zigcina isimo somzimba esingcono ekudleni okuphelele okuphekiwe. Wanezela ngokuthi i-feedlot yandise amandla ayo okuqeda ngamakhanda angu-2,000 futhi yancoma iHongyang emsebenzini oseduze eSifundazweni saseSelenge obhekene nezinselele ezifanayo zokudla kwasebusika.
Isiphetho
Icala leSifundazwe saseTöv libonisa ukuthi ukufakelwa kokudla okuhlanganisiwe ngobuchwepheshe be-ring die obuklanywe kahle kungashintsha ngokuphelele ukuphathwa kwemfuyo yasebusika esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu saseMongolia. I-HYPM-508 yaseHongyang ilethe ama-pellets okuphakelwa kokudla okuqinile, okuqina kakhulu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zasebusika ezilandelanayo kanye namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku--35°C, okwenza umsebenzi uguqule ukwehla kwesisindo sonyaka kube ukukhuluphala okuqhubekayo. Izinsika ezintathu zobuchwepheshe zempumelelo - ukulungiswa okunwetshiwe kwezinto zokusetshenziswa eziqandisiwe, ukulinganisa isilinganiso sokucindezela okunembile kokudla okune-fiber ephezulu, kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza ezingamelani nokuqandisa - kunikeza inkomba ephindaphindwayo yokuvuselelwa komkhakha wokudla obanzi waseMongolia ngaphansi koMbono 2050.
Leli cala liphinde liqokomise isifundo esibanzi sokuthengwa kwemishini yokudla ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wezilwane: inani lobunjiniyela bezicelo lidlula imininingwane yekhathalogi. Njengoba imakethe yokudla okuhlanganisiwe yaseMongolia ikhula — i-6Wresearch ihlela ukuthi lo mkhakha uzokhula kancane kancane kuze kube ngu-2031, iqhutshwa yizikhuthazo zenqubomgomo kahulumeni zokukhiqiza okuqinisiwe — abahlinzeki bemishini abatshala imali ekuhlaziyweni kokwakheka endaweni kanye nobunjiniyela obuqondene nesimo sezulu bazoba sesimweni esihle sokusekela ukuguquka kwezwe kusuka ekwaluseni okubanzi kuya ezinhlelweni zokudla ezikhiqizayo neziqinile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-27-2026
