Isifinyezo esiphezulu
Umkhakha wezolimo lwezigwaca eMyanmar ukhule kakhulu eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule, oqhutshwa ukwanda kwesidingo sasekhaya samaqanda ezigwaca nenyama kulo lonke elaseYangon, eMandalay, kanye nase-Ayeyarwady Delta. Nokho, ingxenye enkulu yemisebenzi yezigwaca ezincane neziphakathi iyaqhubeka nokuthembela ekudleni okuxutshwe - indlela yokondla ephethe izinkinga ezikhona: ukuhlukaniswa kwezithako ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa, amazinga aphezulu othuli acasula izinhlelo zokuphefumula zezinyoni, kanye nokuziphatha kokudla okukhethiwe okuphazamisa ukufana kokudla. Lolu cwaningo luqopha ulwazi lwenkampani yezinyoni ezingama-60,000 eBago Region eyathatha indawo yohlelo lwayo lokondla olusekelwe ku-mash ngesistimu ye-pelletized eyakhiwe eduze kwe-Hongyang HYPM series ring die pellet mill kanye ne-ring die eyenziwe ngokwezifiso. Izinyanga eziyishumi nambili zedatha yokukhiqiza ziyahlaziywa ukuze kuhlolwe ikhwalithi ye-pellet, ukusebenza kahle kokudla, ukusebenza kwezinyoni, kanye nokuzinza kokusebenza.
1. Umkhakha Wezigwaca waseMyanmar kanye Negebe Le-Pellet
Imboni yezinkukhu yaseMyanmar ibilokhu igxile kakhulu ezinkukhuni ze-broiler kanye nezinkukhu ezizala amaqanda, kodwa ukufuya izigwaca — ikakhulukazi izigwaca zaseJapan (Coturnix japonica) ezifuyelwe ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda — kuvele njengendawo ekhula ngokushesha. Idatha kahulumeni eqoqwe yi-Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department ikhombisa ukuthi inani lezigwaca likazwelonke lidlule izinyoni eziyizigidi ezingu-8 ngo-2025, kanti iBago Region, umngcele waseYangon, kanye neSagaing zibalwa ngaphezu kwama-60% ezindawo ezigcinwe kuzo. Imisebenzi eminingi ihlelwe njengama-cooperative noma amanethiwekhi okukhulisa izinkontileka ahlanganisa ukuthengwa kokudla, izinsizakalo zezilwane, kanye nokufinyelela emakethe kwabalimi abancane ngabanye.
Naphezu kwalokhu kukhula, ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe bokudla kuyalibala. Ucwaningo lwango-2024 olwenziwe yi-Myanmar's Livestock Federation luthole ukuthi cishe abakhiqizi bamaqanda ezigwaca basanikeza ukudla okuxubile, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangaphansi kuka-30% abasebenzisa ama-crumbles noma ama-pellets. Izizathu zazingokwezomnotho - izigayo zama-pellet zimelela imali eningi - futhi ngokwengxenye igebe lolwazi mayelana nezinzuzo zokukhiqiza ezingalethwa yi-pelleting enyonini encane futhi ezwela kakhulu emzimbeni njengezigwaca.
2. Isimo Sokuqala Se-Cooperative
Le nkampani esebenzisana nayo, etholakala ngamakhilomitha angama-90 enyakatho-mpumalanga yeYangon eSifundeni saseBago, isebenza ngesilinganiso esingaba ngu-60,000 sezigwaca ezibekwa ezindlini eziyisithupha ezivulekile emaceleni ezinomoya wokungenisa umoya. Ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwemishini, le nkampani yathola ukudla okuxubile kommbila nobhontshisi wesoya emshinini wokudla wezohwebo oseduze futhi yakuxuba endaweni ne-rice bran ethengwe endaweni kanye ne-limestone, yanikeza ukudla okuqediwe njenge-mash eyomile.
Izilinganiso eziyisisekelo eziqoqwe esikhathini sezinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwembule okulandelayo:
Isilinganiso Sokuguqulwa Kokudla (i-FCR): Ukudla okungu-2.85 kg ngekhilogremu yamaqanda akhiqizwayo (isilinganiso esilinganiselwe kuzo zonke izitsha eziyisithupha). Ukudla Kwansuku Zonke Okudliwayo ngenyoni: 26.5 g, kanye nokuchitheka okulinganiselwa kanye nokulahleka kothuli okungaba ngu-8-10% phakathi kwezindawo zokuxuba izitsha namathileyi okuphakela. Ukukhiqizwa Kwamaqanda E-Hen-Day: 82.3% (isilinganiso kuzo zonke izitsha; ishede elisebenza kahle kakhulu lingu-85.1%, elibuthakathaka kakhulu lingu-78.6%). Ukufa: 1.9% ngomjikelezo wokukhiqiza wezinsuku ezingu-28, kanye nezinkinga zokuphefumula ezibangela isabelo esiphawulekayo sokunqunywa.
Ukuphathwa ngokubambisana kutholakale amaphuzu amathathu abuhlungu: ukumosheka kokudla ngokweqile lapho kuphakelwa khona, ukudla okunomsoco okungaguquki ngoba izinyoni zazikhetha izinhlayiya ezinkulu futhi zishiya impuphu ecolekileyo ngemuva, kanye nokuqhuma kokuphefumula okubangelwa uthuli ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sesomiso (Novemba-Febhuwari).
3. Indlela Yokwenza Izinqumo
Ngemva kokuhlola iziphakamiso ezivela kubahlinzeki bemishini abathathu, i-cooperative ikhethe umshini wokugaya i-Hongyang HYPM ochungechungeni lwe-ring die pellet onesilinganiso samathani angu-3-5 ngehora - isikali esihambisana nomkhiqizo we-cooperative, ohlala cishe amathani angu-3.2 ngosuku. Isinqumo sasisekelwe ezintweni eziningana ezibalulekile:
1. Ukufakwa kwezinkomba zendawo. I-Hongyang yayithumele iyunithi ye-HYPM emshinini wokondla osezingeni eliseYangon ezinyangeni ezingu-14 ngaphambili; abameleli bezinhlangano bavakashela indawo futhi babona ukusebenza okuzinzile.
2. Amandla okwenza ngokwezifiso i-ring die. Ukudla kwe-quail kudinga ububanzi be-pellet obuqediwe obuphakathi kuka-1.5 mm no-2.5 mm - obuncane kakhulu kune-pellet engu-3-5 mm esetshenziselwa ama-broiler kanye nezendlalelo. Ithimba lobunjiniyela likaHongyang linikeze i-ring die eyakhelwe injongo enobubanzi bembobo obufanele, isilinganiso sokucindezela, kanye ne-metallurgy yalolu hlelo lokusebenza.
3. Ukusondela ngemva kokuthengisa. Uchwepheshe oqeqeshwe eHongyang oseYangon wakwazi ukuqondisa ukufakwa nokuqhuba umjikelezo wokuqala wokulungisa ohleliwe endaweni.
4. Ubunjiniyela beRing Die bokuphakelwa kwezigwaca
Idayi yendandatho imelela inhliziyo yanoma iyiphi i-pellet mill, futhi imingcele yayo yokuklama ilawula ngqo ikhwalithi ye-pellet, izinga lokukhishwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngethani. Kulolu hlelo lokusebenza lokuphakelwa kwezigwaca, i-Hongyang inikeze idayisi yendandatho elungiselelwe lezi zidingo ezilandelayo:
Izinto zokwakha: Insimbi ye-alloy engu-20CrMnTi, efakwe i-carburised futhi ecinyiwe nge-vacuum. Ubulukhuni bomphezulu: HRC 58–62. Ububanzi bembobo: 2.0 mm. Isilinganiso sokucindezela esisebenzayo (L/D): 1:8.5. Ububanzi bokusebenza kwe-die: 140 mm. Ukucushwa kokukhulula: I-inlet ethambile ene-cylindrical relief, i-counterbore enezigaba ezintathu. Ngemuva kokucubungula: Ukupholisha kwezigaba eziningi kuya ku-Ra ≤ 0.8 µm imbobo yangaphakathi ebukhali.
Kungani lezi zinqumo zibalulekile. Isilinganiso sokucindezela esingu-1:8.5 sigcinwa ngamabomu ukuze kusetshenziswe ungqimba lwezigwaca olune-fiber ephezulu (i-fiber engahluziwe - 4.2%) ukuze kugwenywe ukungqubuzana ngokweqile kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa, okungonakalisa amavithamini ashisa kakhulu kanye nama-amino acid okwenziwa. I-alloy engu-20CrMnTi ene-vacuum quenching ikhiqiza ungqimba olungaphezulu lwe-martensitic olungagugi futhi oluzinzile ngaphansi kokujikeleza kokushisa okuvamile kwemisebenzi yansuku zonke yokuqalisa. Ukukhululeka kwe-counterbore okunezigaba ezintathu kunciphisa ingcindezi yokubuyela emuva ekuphumeni kwe-die, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla athile ngenkathi kugcinwa ubuqotho be-pellet. Ukubekezelelana kobubanzi be-hole kugcinwe ku-±0.05 mm, okuqinisekisa ukuthi imbobo ngayinye ye-die engaphezu kuka-1,400 ikhiqiza ama-pellet ngaphakathi kwebhande eliqinile - into ebalulekile lapho kondla inyoni enobubanzi bomlomo obungamamilimitha ambalwa kuphela.
5. Ukwanda Kokukhiqiza kanye Nokusebenza Okuzinzile
Ukufakwa kwaqedwa ngefasitela lezinsuku ezinhlanu ngesikhathi sokumiswa kokukhiqiza okuhleliwe. I-pellet mill yahlanganiswa phansi kwe-ribbon mixer ekhona kanye ne-counterflow cooler engenhla, yakha umugqa we-pellet oqhubekayo. Izinga lokushisa lokupholisa laqiniswa ku-78-82°C nesikhathi sokuhlala samasekhondi angu-45-50, kusetshenziswa umusi owomile ogcwele ku-2.5 bar - amapharamitha afike ngephrothokholi ehlelekile yokugunyazwa ehilela ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo phezu kwamaqoqo angu-14.
Le nhlangano ishintshe zonke izindawo eziyisithupha zokudla okuphekiwe esikhathini samasonto amathathu ukuze izinyoni zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kancane kancane. Idatha yangemva kokuguquka yaqoqwa kusukela enyangeni yesi-4 kuya enyangeni yesi-12, uma uhlelo selufinyelele esimweni esizinzile futhi amaqembu ezinyoni esejwayele ngokugcwele:
I-FCR (ukudla kwama-kg / amaqanda angama-kg): 2.85 ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa uma kuqhathaniswa nama-2.47 ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa, ukwehla okungu-13.3%. Ukudla kwansuku zonke (g/inyoni): 26.5 ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa uma kuqhathaniswa nama-24.8 ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa, ukwehla okungu-6.4%. Ukulahlwa kokudla (% yokudla okulethiwe): 8–10% ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa uma kuqhathaniswa nama-2% ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa, ukwehla okulinganiselwa ku-80%. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda e-Hen-day: 82.3% ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa uma kuqhathaniswa nama-86.9% ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa, ukwanda kwamaphuzu angu-4.6%. I-Pellet Durability Index (PDI): 96.8% ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa (akusebenzi ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa). Ubulukhuni be-pellet: 1.2–1.5 kg ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa (akusebenzi ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa). Ukufa ngomjikelezo ngamunye: 1.9% ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa uma kuqhathaniswa nama-1.3% ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa, ukwehla kwamaphuzu angu-0.6%. Ugesi: 14.8 kWh/tonne pellet ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa (akusebenzi ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa).
Inani le-PDI elingu-96.8%, elilinganiswa njalo ngekota kusetshenziswa isihloli se-Holmen, libonisa ubuqotho obuqinile be-pellet ngokudlulisa, ukugcina amabhini, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-auger. Ingxenye yenhlawulo - izinto ezidlula ngesihlungo esingu-1.0 mm - zihlale zingaphansi kuka-1.5% womkhiqizo ophelele, okuyinto abasebenzi ababambisene abayibeke ku-geometry yembobo efanayo kanye nezindawo zangaphakathi ezicwebezelisiwe zendandatho yaseHongyang ezifayo.
6. Imiphumela Ebonakalayo Ye-Cooperative
Ngale kwenzuzo yezibalo, izinguquko eziningana zokusebenza zabonakala ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kokuqondisa kanye nezingxoxo zabalimi ezenziwa esikhathini sangemva kokuthuthukiswa:
Ukufana kokuziphatha kokudla. Ukwanda kokudla okukhethiwe - izinyoni eziklwebha ukudla ukuze zihlukanise izinhlayiya ezikhethwayo - kwehle kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-pellet aqukethe zonke izingxenye zokudla kuyunithi ngayinye ehlukile, i-peck ngayinye inikeza umthamo ophelele wokudla.
Impilo yokuphefumula. Ubuningi bothuli olulinganiswe ngaphakathi kwamashedi lwehle lusuka ku-2.8 mg/m³ lwaya ku-0.7 mg/m³ ngesikhathi sesomiso, okuhambisana nokwehla kwezinhlayiya ezihlobene nokuphefumula kusukela ku-0.7% kwaya ku-0.3% ngomjikelezo ngamunye.
Ikhwalithi yegobolondo leqanda. Amaqanda avela emihlambini ephakelwa ngama-pellet abonise ubukhulu begobolondo obumaphakathi obungu-0.196 mm uma kuqhathaniswa no-0.183 mm ngaphansi kohlelo lokuxubha, okuthuthukisiwe isazi sezondlo senkampani sithe kungenxa yokutholakala okuphezulu kwe-calcium ne-phosphorus ku-matrix e-pelletized lapho izinhlawulo ze-limestone ziboshelwa khona kunokuba zihlale ndawonye.
Ukuzethemba komqhubi. I-pellet mill yaqhubeka izinsuku ezingu-22-23 ngomjikelezo wezinsuku ezingu-28 kanti isikhathi sokungasebenzi esihleliwe sinqunyelwe ekuhlolweni kwe-die kanye nokugcotshwa okuvamile. Akukho kumiswa okungahleliwe okubangelwa i-pellet mill noma i-ring die okurekhodiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlola sezinyanga ezingu-9.
7. Uhlaka Lwekhwalithi lwaseHongyang
Ukusebenza okubonwe kule nhlangano ye-Bago kubonisa isethi yemikhakha yokukhiqiza efakwe emgqeni wokukhiqiza we-ring die kaHongyang:
Ukulandeleka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Indandatho ngayinye engenalutho inikezwa inombolo yokushisa ehambisana nesitifiketi sokuqala sokugaya insimbi, iqopha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ngaphambi kokuqala komshini wokugaya.
Iphrothokholi yokucima i-vacuum. Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kwenziwa esithandweni sokushisa esinokulawulwa kokushisa kwezindawo eziningi, kulandelwe ukwelashwa okujulile kwe-cryogenic ukuguqula i-austenite egciniwe ibe yi-martensite - isinyathelo esiqinisa isakhiwo se-die futhi sandise impilo yenkonzo ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okuphindaphindiwe kokushisa.
I-Metology eziteshini eziningi. Ububanzi bembobo, iphimbo, kanye ne-counterbore geometry kuhlolwa ngemishini yokulinganisa ehlanganisiwe (CMM) ngezigaba ezintathu: ngemva kokubhoboza izibhamu, ngemva kokwelashwa ngokushisa, kanye nangemva kokupholisha kokugcina. Ama-die awela ngaphandle kokubekezelelana okungu-±0.05 mm ayenqatshwa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.
Ukufakwa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Yonke imishini yokugaya i-HYPM pellet idlula ekufakweni komthwalo kanye nokuhlolwa okulayishiwe isikhathi esifushane efektri ngaphambi kokufakwa kwebhokisi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi i-roller-die clearance, amazinga okushisa ebhereyitha, kanye namazinga okudlidliza ahlangabezana nemininingwane ebekiwe.
Lezi akuzona izimangalo zokumaketha; zingamasango okulawula ikhwalithi agciniwe umthengi angawaqinisekisa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwefektri - inketho i-cooperative ehlose ukuyisebenzisa lapho ikhula iye emgqeni wesibili wokukhiqiza.
8. Isifinyezo
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Bago cooperative kubonisa ukuthi ukushintsha izilinganiso zezigwaca kusuka ku-mash kuya ku-pellet form, kusetshenziswa imishini yokugaya echazwe kahle kanye ne-ring die eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa, kungaletha ukuthuthuka okuphindwe kabili ekusebenzeni kahle kokuguqulwa kokudla ngenkathi kunciphisa imfucuza, kuzinzisa impilo yomhlambi, kanye nokukhulisa umkhiqizo wamaqanda. I-Hongyang HYPM series ring die pellet mill, ehlanganiswe ne-20CrMnTi ring die eyenziwe ngokwezifiso eyakhelwe ukubekezelelana okuqinile kanye nesilinganiso sokucindezela esilondolozayo, inikeze umkhiqizo othembekile ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye zokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwezentengiselwano - ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukodwa okungahleliwe okuxhunywe emugqeni wokugaya. Emkhakheni okhulayo wezigwaca waseMyanmar, lapho imingcele ibunjwa khona yizindleko zokudla kanye nentengo yamaqanda, lolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini okuqondiwe lunikeza indlela esebenzayo eya kwezomnotho weyunithi engcono.
Imithombo yedatha: Amalogi okukhiqiza ngokubambisana (Januwari 2025 - Mashi 2026), imibiko yokuhlaziywa kwama-pellets ekota, ukubalwa kwezigwaca zezilwane kanye nokuzaliswa kwezilwane eMnyangweni Wezilwane (2025), inhlolovo yokuphakelwa kokudla kweMyanmar Livestock Federation (2024). Izithombe namanothi okuvakashela indawo ayatholakala uma ecelwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-09-2026
