Ukuqina kwezinhlayiya kungenye yezinkomba zekhwalithi zonke izinkampani zokudla ezizinaka kakhulu. Ekudleni kwemfuyo nezinkukhu, ukuqina okuphezulu kuzobangela ukunganambitheki kahle, kunciphise ukudla, futhi kubangele ngisho nezilonda zomlomo ezingulubeni ezincelisayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ubunzima buphansi, okuqukethwe yimpuphu kuzokwanda. Ukuqina okuphansi kokudla kwezinkukhu ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi eziphakathi nezinkulu nezinkulu neziphakathi kwengulube kuzobangela izici zekhwalithi ezingathandeki njengokuhlelwa kokudla. Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ukuqina kokudla kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi? Ukuqina komkhiqizo wokudla, ngaphezu kokulungiswa kwefomula yokudla, ukukhiqizwa kokudla Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula bunomthelela obalulekile ebulukhunini bokudla kwe-pellet.
1. Ithonya lenqubo yokugaya ebulukhunini bezinhlayiya.
Isici esidlala indima ebalulekile ebunzimeni bezinhlayiya enkambisweni yokugaya usayizi wezinhlayiya zokugaya zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Ngokuvamile, uma usayizi wezinhlayiya zokugaya zezinto zokusetshenziswa unciphile, kuba lula ukuthi isitashi siguqule i-gelatin ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungisa, futhi umphumela wokubopha uqina kakhulu kuma-pellets. Uma kunzima ukuphuka, kulapho ubunzima bukhulu khona. Ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, izidingo zosayizi wezinhlayiya zokuchoboza kufanele zilungiswe ngokufanele ngokuya ngokusebenza kokukhiqiza kwezilwane ezahlukene kanye nosayizi we-ring die aperture.
2. Ithonya lenqubo yokufutha ebulukhunini bezinhlayiya
Ngokwelashwa kokufutha kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ubuthi ezintweni zokusetshenziswa bungasuswa, amabhaktheriya angabulawa, izinto eziyingozi zingasuswa, amaprotheni ezintweni zokusetshenziswa angasuswa, futhi isitashi singafakwa i-gelatin ngokugcwele. Njengamanje, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifuthayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kokudla kwezingulube ezincelisayo okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokudla okukhethekile kwemikhiqizo yasemanzini. Emikhiqizweni ekhethekile yasemanzini, ngemva kokuba izinto zokusetshenziswa zifutha, izinga le-gelatinization yesitashi liyakhula futhi ubulukhuni bezinhlayiya ezakhiwe buyanda, okuzuzisa ekuthuthukiseni ukuzinza kwezinhlayiya emanzini. Kokudla kwezingulube ezincelisayo, izinhlayiya kudingeka zibe crispy futhi zingabi nzima kakhulu, okuzuzisa ekondleni izingulube ezincelisayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu le-gelatinization yesitashi kuma-pellet ezingulube ezincelisayo ezifuthayo, ubulukhuni bama-pellet okuphakelayo nabo bukhulu kakhulu.
3. Engeza umthelela wenqubo yokujova uwoyela ebukhunini bokuphakelayo.
Ukuxuba izinto zokusetshenziswa kungathuthukisa ukufana kwezingxenye ezahlukene zosayizi wezinhlayiya, okuzuzisa ukugcina ubulukhuni bezinhlayiya buhambisana kahle futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ekukhiqizweni kokudla kwe-hard pellet, ukwengeza umswakama ongu-1% kuya ku-2% ku-mixer kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuzinza nokuqina kokudla kwe-pellet. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda komswakama kuletha imiphumela emibi ekomiseni nasekupholiseni kwezinhlayiya. Akukhuthazi futhi ukugcinwa komkhiqizo. Ekukhiqizweni kokudla kwe-wet pellet, kungangezwa umswakama ofinyelela ku-20% kuya ku-30% ku-powder. Kulula ukwengeza umswakama ongaba ngu-10% ngesikhathi senqubo yokuxuba kunangesikhathi senqubo yokulungisa. Ama-granule akhiwe ngezinto ezinomswakama omningi anobunzima obuphansi, amanzi futhi athambile, futhi anokunambitheka okuhle. Lolu hlobo lokudla kwe-wet pellet lungasetshenziswa emabhizinisini amakhulu okuzalanisa. Ama-wet pellet ngokuvamile kunzima ukuwagcina futhi ngokuvamile kudingeka ukuthi adliwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhiqizwa. Ukwengeza uwoyela ngesikhathi senqubo yokuxuba kuyinqubo evame ukusetshenziswa yokufaka uwoyela ezindaweni zokusebenzela zokukhiqiza ukudla. Ukwengeza u-1% kuya ku-2% wamafutha akunamthelela omkhulu ekunciphiseni ubulukhuni bezinhlayiya, kuyilapho ukwengeza u-3% kuya ku-4% wamafutha kunganciphisa kakhulu ubulukhuni bezinhlayiya.
4. Umphumela wokulungiswa kwesitimu ebulukhunini bezinhlayiya.
Ukulungiswa kwe-steam kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekucubungulweni kokudla kwe-pellet, futhi umphumela wokulungiswa uthinta ngqo isakhiwo sangaphakathi kanye nekhwalithi yokubukeka kwama-pellet. Ikhwalithi ye-steam kanye nesikhathi sokulungiswa yizinto ezimbili ezibalulekile ezithinta umphumela wokulungiswa. I-steam eyomile negcwele esezingeni eliphezulu inganikeza ukushisa okwengeziwe ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lezinto futhi i-gelatine isitashi. Uma isikhathi sokulungiswa siqhubeka isikhathi eside, izinga le-gelatine yesitashi liyanda. Uma inani liphezulu, isakhiwo sezinhlayiya sinzima kakhulu ngemva kokwakheka, kuba ngcono ukuzinza, futhi kukhulu ubulukhuni. Kokudla kwezinhlanzi, amajakethi anezingqimba ezimbili noma ezinezingqimba eziningi ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukulungiswa ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokushisa lokulungiswa futhi kwandiswe isikhathi sokulungiswa. Kungcono kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuzinza kwezinhlayiya zokudla kwezinhlanzi emanzini, futhi ubulukhuni bezinhlayiya buyanda ngokufanele.
5. Ithonya lokufa kwendandatho ebulukhunini bezinhlayiya.
Amapharamitha obuchwepheshe afana nesilinganiso sokuvuleka kanye nokucindezela kwedayi yendandatho ye-feed pellet mill athinta ubulukhuni bama-pellet. Ubulukhuni bama-pellet akhiwe yidayi yendandatho ene-aperture efanayo kodwa ama-compression ratio ahlukene ayanda kakhulu njengoba isilinganiso sokucindezelwa sikhula. Ukukhetha idayisi yendandatho yesilinganiso sokucindezelwa efanele kungakhiqiza izinhlayiya zobulukhuni obufanele. Ubude bezinhlayiya bunomthelela omkhulu emandleni okuthwala ingcindezi yezinhlayiya. Ezinhlayiyeni ezinobubanzi obufanayo, uma izinhlayiya zingenamaphutha, ubude bezinhlayiya bube bude, kulapho ubulukhuni obulinganisiwe bukhulu khona. Ukulungisa indawo yomsiki ukuze kugcinwe ubude bezinhlayiya obufanele kungagcina ubulukhuni bezinhlayiya buhambisana ngokuyisisekelo. Ububanzi bezinhlayiya kanye nesimo se-cross-sectional nakho kunomthelela othile ebulukhunini bezinhlayiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zedayi yendandatho nazo zinomthelela othile ekhwalithini yokubukeka kanye nobulukhuni bama-pellet. Kukhona umehluko osobala phakathi kokudla kwe-pellet okukhiqizwa yidayi yendandatho yensimbi evamile kanye nedayi yendandatho yensimbi engagqwali.
6. Ithonya lenqubo yangemva kokufutha ebulukhunini bezinhlayiya.
Ukuze kwandiswe isikhathi sokugcina imikhiqizo yokudla nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo phakathi nesikhathi esithile, kudingeka ukomiswa nokupholisa okudingekayo kwezinhlayiya zokudla. Ekuhlolweni kokulinganisa ubulukhuni bezinhlayiya, ngokulinganisa ubulukhuni bezinhlayiya zomkhiqizo ofanayo izikhathi eziningi ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokupholisa, kwatholakala ukuthi izinhlayiya ezinobulukhuni obuphansi azithintwa kakhulu yisikhathi sokupholisa, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezinobulukhuni obukhulu zikhula ngesikhathi sokupholisa. Njengoba isikhathi sikhula, ubulukhuni bezinhlayiya buyancipha. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba njengoba amanzi angaphakathi kwezinhlayiya elahleka, ubuthakathaka bezinhlayiya buyanda, okuthinta ubulukhuni bezinhlayiya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngemva kokuba izinhlayiya zipholiswe ngokushesha ngomthamo omkhulu womoya futhi zipholiswe kancane ngomthamo omncane womoya, kwatholakala ukuthi ubulukhuni beyokuqala babuphansi kunobokugcina, futhi imifantu engaphezulu yezinhlayiya yanda. Kubalulekile futhi ukusho ukuthi ukuchoboza izinhlayiya ezinkulu eziqinile zibe izinhlayiya ezincane kunganciphisa kakhulu ubulukhuni bezinhlayiya.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-14-2024
