Isifinyezo esiphezulu
Umkhakha wezinkukhu waseCroatia uqophe ukukhula okuqhubekayo, njengoba ukuhlatshwa kwezinkukhu ze-broiler kufinyelele cisheAmathani angu-6,376 anesisindo esiphelele ngoJulayi 2024ngokusho kwedatha ye-Croatian Bureau of Statistics. Ukungena kwezwe kwi-European Union ngo-2013 kwasheshisa ukwenziwa kwesimanje kulo lonke uchungechunge lwenani lebhizinisi lezolimo, okuhlanganisa nokukhiqizwa kokudla okuhlanganisiwe. Kodwa-ke, izindawo eziningi zokudla eziphakathi nendawo ezifundeni ezifana neSlavonia - indawo yezolimo yaseCroatia - ziyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa imigqa yokugaya ama-pellet eyakhiwe ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, zilwa nokungahambisani nokuqina kwama-pellet kanye nezindleko zokulungisa ezikhuphukayo.
Lolu cwaningo lwecala luhlolaKrmiva doo, inkampani yokukhiqiza ukudla okuphethwe ngumndeni eseduzane ne-Osijek empumalanga yeCroatia, eyathatha indawo ye-ring die pellet mill yayo endala yaseYurophu nge-Imishini Yokuphakelayo yeLiyang Hongyang SZLH 508 ring die pellet millekuqaleni kuka-2025. Esikhathini sokukhiqiza sezinyanga eziyi-12, umshini wokugaya ufinyelele inkomba yokuqina kwe-pellet (PDI) ye96.8%kuma-broiler finisher formulations, agcina i-output izinzile ku-Amathani angu-6.2 ngehora, kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esihlobene nokufa cishe35%. Leli cala libonisa indlela ubuchwepheshe be-ring die obuklanywe ngokunemba, obuhlanganiswe nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe okuphendulayo okuvela kumkhiqizi, obungaletha ngayo ukuthuthuka okulinganiselwe kwekhwalithi yokuphakelwa kanye nokuzinza kokusebenza — ngisho nasezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezisebenzisa amaphrofayili ahlukahlukene ezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivamile ekukhiqizweni kokuphakelwa kwezilwane zaseMpumalanga Yurophu.
1. Indawo Yokudla Kwezinkukhu ZaseCroatia: Ukukhula Nezithiyo
Ukukhiqizwa kokudla okuhlanganisiwe eCroatia kuye kwanda, kuqhutshwa ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezinkukhu zasekhaya kanye nezindinganiso zokuphepha kokudla ezihambisana ne-EU. Kusukela ngo-2024, i-Croatian Bureau of Statistics ibike ukuthi inani lokuhlatshwa kwezinkukhu zanyanga zonke liphezulu kakhulu.Amathani ayi-6,000 isisindo esiphelele— okumelela ukwanda okukhulu kusukela ebangeni lamathani angu-3,000–4,000 aqoshwe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Lokhu kukhula kubeke izidingo ezifanayo kubakhiqizi bokudla kwasekhaya ukuze bandise umkhiqizo ngenkathi begcina ikhwalithi yama-pellet.
Izindleko zokudla zilinganiselwa cishe65–70% wezindleko zokukhiqiza izinkukhueCroatia, okubonisa isilinganiso somkhakha womhlaba wonke. Kulesi sakhiwo sezindleko, ukusebenza kahle kwe-pellet kanye nokuqina kwe-pellet kuthinta ngqo izilinganiso zokuguqulwa kokudla kwezinga lepulazi (i-FCR). Ukuqina kwe-pellet okungekuhle kuholela ezinhlawulweni eziningi, okuye kwabonisa ukuthi izifundo zingakhuphula i-FCR ngamaphuzu angu-3-5 ekusebenzeni kwe-broiler - inzuzo eholela ezinkulungwaneni zama-euro elahlekile ngomjikelezo owodwa wokukhiqiza.
Isifunda saseSlavonia, lapho iKrmiva doo itholakala khona, yindawo eyinhloko ekhiqiza okusanhlamvu eCroatia, enokulima okuningana kommbila (ummbila), ukolweni, kanye nobhontshisi. Le nzuzo yendawo inikeza izimayini zokudla zasendaweni ukufinyelela kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezincintisanayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukahluka okukhona kokusanhlamvu okutholakala endaweni - ikakhulukazi ukuguquguquka kokuqukethwe komswakama phakathi kwezinkathi zokuvuna - kudala izinselele zokungaguquguquki kokubola kwama-pellet. I-ring die pellet mill esebenza kule ndawo kumele ivumelane nokuguquguquka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni umkhiqizo noma ikhwalithi yama-pellet.
2. Ikhasimende: Krmiva doo
Krmiva doo(igama alidalulwanga ngesicelo sekhasimende) yinkampani yokuphakela ukudla okuhlanganisiwe ephakathi nendawo eyasungulwa ngo-2002, etholakala ngamakhilomitha ayi-15 eningizimu ye-Osijek e-Osijek-Baranja County. Le nkampani ikhiqiza cisheAmathani angu-30,000 okuphakelwa okuhlanganisiwe minyaka yonke, lapho ukudla kwenkukhu kubalwa cishe u-60%. Isisekelo samakhasimende ayo sihlanganisa abalimi benkukhu abangaphezu kuka-40 abankontileka kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga yeCroatia, kanti abanye bahlinzeka ngezinkampani ezinkulu ezihlanganisa izitolo zaseCroatia naseBosnia.
Lo mshini wokugaya usebenzisa umugqa owodwa wokugaya ama-pellet owafakwa ekuqaleni ngo-2005. Ngo-2024, umshini wokugaya ama-pellet we-ring die walo mshini wawusuhlanganise iminyaka ecishe ibe ngamashumi amabili yenkonzo. Izinkinga ezibalulekile zabikwa ngumphathi wokukhiqiza womshini,UMnu. Marko Horvat, kufakiwe:
3. Inqubo Yesinqumo
Maphakathi no-2024, iKrmiva doo yaqala ukuhlolwa kokuthengwa kwempahla ukuze ithathe indawo yesigayo sayo esidala sama-pellet. Ukuhlolwa kwacabangela izindlela ezintathu ezibalulekile:
Ngemva kokuhlola abahlinzeki abavela eJalimane, eTurkey naseShayina, uKrmiva wakhethaI-Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd.Isinqumo sathonywa yizici eziningana:
4. Ukufakwa, Ukugunyazwa, kanye Nokwenza Ngokwezifiso I-Ring Die
I-SZLH508 yafakwa ngoDisemba 2024 ngesikhathi sokulungiswa okuhleliwe, kwathi ukusebenza kwayo kwaqedwa ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2025. Unjiniyela wesevisi omkhulu waseHongyang wayekhona phakathi nesikhathi sokufakwa kanye nokuqaliswa kokusebenza.
Ukwenza Ngokwezifiso I-Ring Die
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuhlukahluka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zeKrmiva — ikakhulukazi okuqukethwe umswakama kommbila otholakala endaweni kusukela ku-13.0% kuya ku-15.5% kuzo zonke izinkathi — ithimba lobunjiniyela laseHongyang libalile ukucushwa kwe-ring die okulungiselelwe:
| Ipharamitha | Imininingwane |
|---|---|
| Ububanzi bembobo yokufa | 4.0 mm |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 1:9.5 |
| Ubukhulu bedayi obusebenzayo | 38 mm |
| Ubulukhuni bomphezulu | I-HRC 60–62 |
| Ukujula kwesendlalelo esiqinile | 1.2–1.5 mm |
| Izinto zokwakha | Insimbi ye-alloy engu-40Cr, iqiniswe nge-vacuum |
Ukucushwa kwe-Roller Shell
Amagobolondo e-roller ahambisanayo anikezwe iphethini yobuso obuhlanganisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla kubamba njalo ebusweni be-die — imininingwane evimbela ukushelela phakathi nemizuzwana yokuqala ebalulekile yokukhiqiza ngakunye futhi inegalelo ekugugeni ngisho nasekufeni empilweni ye-die.
5. Imiphumela Yokusebenza: Idatha Yokukhiqiza Yezinyanga Eziyi-12
Idatha yokusebenza iqoqwe esikhathini sokukhiqiza esigcwele sezinyanga eziyi-12 kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuDisemba 2025, okuhlanganisa cisheAmahora okusebenza asebenzayo angu-5,800kudayi wendandatho yokuqala.
5.1 Inkomba Yokuqina Kwe-Pellet (PDI)
Ukuhlolwa kwe-PDI kwenziwe kusetshenziswa i-Holmen NHP100 pneumatic pellet tester, amasampula athathwa ngezikhathi zemizuzu engama-30 ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
| Ukwakheka | I-PDI emaphakathi (%) | Ububanzi (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Isiqalisi senkukhu (3.0 mm) | 97.2 | 96.5–97.8 |
| Umlimi wezinkukhu (4.0 mm) | 96.9 | 96.2–97.4 |
| Umqedi womshini wokuqeda izinkukhu (4.0 mm) | 96.8 | 96.0–97.3 |
5.2 Ukuzinza Kokuphuma Komkhiqizo
Umthamo wehora uqoshwe ohlelweni lwe-SCADA lwemishini yokugaya. Kufomula ye-broiler finisher (umkhiqizo onevolumu ephezulu):
| I-Metric | Inani |
|---|---|
| Isilinganiso sokudlula | 6.2 TPH |
| Ukuphambuka okujwayelekile | 0.28 TPH |
| Okuncane okubhekiwe | 5.6 TPH |
| Ubuningi obuqashelwe | 6.5 TPH |
Ukuqina komthamo wokukhiqiza (i-coefficient yokuguquguquka okungu-4.5%) kwaphawulwa yithimba lokusebenza njengokuthuthuka okuphawulekayo. Ngaphansi komshini wokugaya ama-pellet wangaphambilini, umthamo wokukhiqiza wawungashintsha ngo-15-20% kuye ngezici zeqembu lezinto zokusetshenziswa, okubangela ukungasebenzi kahle kokupholisa nokuhlola okuphansi.
5.3 Ukuguga Nokuphila Isikhathi Eside
Kusukela ngoDisemba 2025, indandatho yayiqongelelene cisheAmahora asebenzayo angu-5,800Ukulinganiswa kobubanzi bembobo yokufa kubonise ukuguguleka okungaba ngu-0.08–0.12 mm, okungaphakathi kwemingcele eyamukelekayo futhi okuphakamisa impilo yokusebenza okungenaniAmahora angu-6,500–7,000ngaphambi kokushintsha — okumelela ukuthuthukiswa kwempilo ye-fa120%uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yangaphambilini.
5.4 Ukuncishiswa Kwezinhlawulo
| I-Metric | Imishini Yangaphambilini | I-SZLH 508 |
|---|---|---|
| Izinhlawulo ezimaphakathi (%) | 9.2% | 3.1% |
| Ububanzi (%) | 7.5–12.0% | 2.5–4.0% |
Ukwehla kwezinhlawulo kusuka ku-9.2% kuya ku-3.1% kube nomthelela ngokushesha: izikhalazo zabalimi mayelana nokuchitheka kokudla emishinini yokuphakela ezenzakalelayo zehle kakhulu70%kwikota yokuqala yokusebenza.
5.5 Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla athile (kWh ngethani lokuphakelwa okuphekiwe, ngaphandle kwemishini ehambisanayo):
| Ukwakheka | kWh/tonne |
|---|---|
| Isiqalisi se-Broiler | 17.8 |
| Umlimi wezinkukhu | 16.5 |
| Umqedi womshini wokupheka inkukhu | 16.2 |
Lezi zibalo ziyahambisana nezilinganiso zemboni zama-ring die pellet mills zalesi sigaba sokucubungula ama-broiler standard formulations at 70–75°C conditioning temperature.
6. Impendulo Yamakhasimende
UMnu. Marko Horvat, umphathi wokukhiqiza weKrmiva, unikeze ukuhlolwa okulandelayo ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-12 zokusebenza:
7. Ukuhlaziywa: Kungani i-SZLH 508 Ilethe Imiphumela
Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okubonwe eKrmiva doo kungabangelwa izici eziningana zobuchwepheshe:
8. Isiphetho
Icala le-Krmiva doo libonisa ukuthi umshini wokondla izinkukhu waseMpumalanga Yurophu ophakathi nendawo ungafinyelela ukuthuthuka okulinganiselwe nokuqhubekayo kwekhwalithi yama-pellet kanye nokuzinza kokusebenza ngokuthuthukisa umshini wokugaya ama-pellet we-ring die oklanywe kahle. I-SZLH 508 inikeze i-96.8% PDIekudleni kwe-broiler finisher,6.2 TPH ukudluliswa okuzinzile, kanyeUkuthuthuka okungu-120% empilweni yesevisi yefauma kuqhathaniswa nemishini eshintshiwe.
Ku-Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery, lokhu kufakwa kuqinisa ikhono lenkampani lokusebenzela abakhiqizi be-feed be-EU — imakethe ebonakala ngokulindela kwekhwalithi ephezulu, amaphrofayili ahlukahlukene ezinto zokusetshenziswa, kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwemishini okuqinile. Leli cala ligcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-die eqondile kanye nokusekelwa kobunjiniyela obuqondene nesicelo: indlela ehlukanisa i-Hongyang kubaphakeli bemishini yezimpahla futhi ibeka inkampani njengomlingani othembekile wemishini yokudla efuna imishini esebenza njalo ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhiqiza zangempela.
Njengoba umkhakha wezinkukhu waseCroatia uqhubeka nomzila wawo wesimanje kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla kwasekhaya kukhula ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo, ukuthembeka kwemishini kanye nokungaguquguquki kwekhwalithi yama-pellet kuzohlala kuyizinto ezibalulekile zokuncintisana. Icala le-Krmiva lisikisela ukuthi umshini wokugaya ama-pellet wendandatho efanele, ochazwe kahle futhi osekelwa kahle, ungenza lowo mehluko.
Lolu cwaningo lwecala lusekelwe kudatha yokukhiqiza kanye namarekhodi engxoxo yamakhasimende aqoqwe phakathi kukaJanuwari noDisemba 2025. Imininingwane yemishini ibonisa umshini wokugaya i-SZLH 508 ring die pellet njengoba ulungiselelwe ukulinganisa i-Krmiva doo Pellet Durability Index okwenziwe kusetshenziswa indlela ye-Holmen NHP100. Yonke idatha yokusebenza yaqoshwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza kwezentengiselwano. Igama lenkampani yamakhasimende alidalulwanga uma licelwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-16-2026
