I-Hongyang Ring Die Pellet Mill Isiza Umkhiqizi Wokudla Kwezingulube WaseSpain Ukuthola Ikhwalithi Ezinzile Ye-Pellet kanye ne-FCR Ethuthukisiwe

Isifinyezo esiphezulu

ISpain akuyona nje kuphela umkhiqizi wezingulube omkhulu we-European Union kodwa futhi ingumkhiqizi wayo ohamba phambili wokudla okuhlanganisiwe okhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-38.8 okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe ngo-2024, lapho ukudla kwezingulube kubalwa khona ngo-46.87%, noma cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-18.2. Ngaphakathi kwale ndawo enomthamo ophezulu, ezwela ikhwalithi, umshini wokudla wezingulube ophakathi nendawo esifundeni sase-Aragon wafuna ukufaka esikhundleni umugqa wokugaya odala owawukhiqiza ukuqina kwe-pellet okungaguquki futhi ulwa nokuqina kokuphuma. Lo mshini wakhetha umshini wokugaya we-SZLH420 we-ring die pellet we-Hongyang Feed Machinery ohlanganiswe ne-HYPM ring dies eyenziwe ngokwezifiso. Ezinyangeni eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili zokusebenza, lo mshini ulethe inkomba yokuqina kwe-pellet (PDI) njalo ngaphezu kuka-92%, umthamo wokukhiqiza ukudla okutshaliwe ongamathani angu-9-10 ngehora (TPH), futhi ubhale intuthuko ekuguqulweni kokudla okuphansi emapulazini ezingulube ezibambisene. Leli cala libonisa ukuthi ubunjiniyela be-ring die, ukulinganisa isilinganiso sokucindezela okulungile, kanye nokusekelwa okuphendulayo ngemuva kokuthengisa kungaletha imiphumela elinganisekayo emakethe yokudla yaseYurophu evuthiwe, encintisanayo.

1. Umongo: Imboni Yokudla Kwezingulube yaseSpain Ngamafuphi

Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubalulekile kudinga ukubheka kafushane isikhundla saseSpain ekukhiqizweni kwezingulube nokudla emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo, Ukudoba Nokudla waseSpain (MAPA), iSpain yabulala izingulube eziyizigidi ezingu-53.88 ngo-2024 - ukwanda okungu-1.5% unyaka nonyaka - kanye neCatalonia (inhloko yezigidi ezingu-22.4), i-Aragon (inhloko yezigidi ezingu-11.3), kanye neCastile noLeon (inhloko eziyizigidi ezingu-6.2) ndawonye ezibalelwa ngaphezu kuka-72% womkhiqizo kazwelonke. ISpain futhi iyizwe lesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni elithumela ingulube ngaphandle kwe-United States, lithumela amathani angu-687,000 ku-Q1 2025 kuphela.

Ngasohlangothini lokudla, umkhiqizo wokudla okuhlanganisiwe waseSpain ongamathani ayizigidi ezingu-38.8 ngo-2024 umele ukwanda okungu-1.5% ngaphezu kuka-2023, ngokumelene nokuncipha kwe-EU yonke okungu-0.4% (idatha ye-European Feed Manufacturers' Federation). Ukudla kwezingulube kusalokhu kuyisigaba esivelele, futhi ngaphakathi kwe-Aragon - ikhaya lamapulazi ezingulube angaba ngu-4,618 - izigayo zokudla zisebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi engapheli ukuletha ikhwalithi yama-pellet ehambisanayo, njengoba noma yikuphi ukuhlukahluka kokuqina noma ukulingana kwezakhamzimba kuthinta ngqo izilinganiso zokuguqulwa kokudla (i-FCR) ezinquma inzuzo yepulazi.

2. Inselele: Imishini Yokubhoboza Egugile kanye ne-PDI Engaguquguquki

Indawo yokuphakela ukudla okukhulunywa ngayo—ibhizinisi eliqhutshwa ngumndeni elikhiqiza cishe amathani angu-60,000 okuphakela izingulube minyaka yonke, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokutshala nokuqeda izingulube—yayiqhuba umugqa wokufaka izingcezu zengulube obese usebenzela iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12. Kwavela izinkinga ezintathu ezithile:

Ukuqina kwama-pellet okwehlayo. I-Pellet Durability Index (PDI), isilinganiso esijwayelekile sokuthi ama-pellet amelana kahle kangakanani nokuphathwa nokuthuthwa ngaphambi kokufika esilwaneni, sase sehle saya ku-86-88% wama-pellets ajwayelekile okudla okutshalwa yinkampani yokugaya ukudla angama-3.5 mm. Ukuvumelana kwemboni kucabangela u-92% njengomkhawulo we-PDI ofanele; ngaphansi kwalokhu, ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlawulo eziningi ngesikhathi sokuhambisa ngomoya kanye nokulayisha iloli kuba ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okulinganiselwe. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe yiMetalteco nabanye abakhiqizi bemishini luqinisekisa ukuthi iphuzu ngalinye le-PDI elilahlekile livame ukuhunyushwa ezinhlawulo ezimelela kokubili izinto zokusetshenziswa ezilahliwe kanye nokunciphisa ukudla okuzithandela epulazini.

Ukungazinzi komthamo. Umphumela wawushintshashintsha phakathi kuka-6 no-9 TPH kuye ngomswakama wezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokwakheka kwebhetshi, okwenza ukuhlela ukukhiqiza kungathembeki. Lokhu kwakuyinkinga yomthwalo wemoto futhi kwakuwumphumela wezimbobo ezigugile zendandatho ezazingasagcini isilinganiso sazo sokucindezela esiklanyelwe.

Izindleko zamandla ezikhulayo. Njengoba amanani kagesi ezimboni aseSpain ephakathi kweziphezulu kakhulu eNingizimu Yurophu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhethekile kwesitofu - okulinganiswe nge-kWh ngethani lokudla okuphekiwe - kwakhuphuka njengoba i-dies endala yayidinga imithwalo ephezulu yemoto ukuze isunduze izinto ezimbotsheni ezingonakalisiwe kancane.

Umphathi womshini wokugaya wabeka imigomo emithathu yanoma yimuphi umugqa omusha wokugaya: i-PDI >= 92% kumafomula ajwayelekile okutshala izingulube; ukugeleza okuzinzile >= 8 TPH kuwo wonke amaqoqo okuphakelwa kwezingulube; kanye nezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi (TCO) ezizokhula zingakapheli izinyanga ezingama-24 uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko zokulungisa nezamandla ezikhuphukayo zomugqa omdala.

3. Ukukhethwa Kwemishini Nokucushwa Kobuchwepheshe

Ngemva kokuhlola iziphakamiso ezivela kubahlinzeki abathathu, umshini wokugaya wakhetha umshini wokugaya i-SZLH420 ring die pellet we-Hongyang Feed Machinery, ohlanganiswe nezinsimbi zokugaya i-HYPM-series ezenziwe ngensimbi ye-alloy ephezulu ye-chromium (elingana nebanga le-420SS, ubulukhuni bomphezulu obungu-58-62 HRC ngemva kokwelashwa ngokushisa kwe-vacuum).

Ukukhetha isilinganiso sokucindezelwa kwe-ring die. Kwamafomula okuphakelwa kwabalimi bezingulube - ngokuvamile aqukethe okusanhlamvu okungu-60-65% (ummbila, ibhali, ukolweni), ukudla kwesoya okungu-20-25%, kanye nebhalansi emithonjeni ye-fiber, amaminerali, kanye nezithasiselo - isilinganiso esifanele sokucindezelwa kwe-ring die siwela ebangeni elingu-8:1 kuya ku-10:1. Amafomula ezingulube acebile nge-fiber anokuqukethwe kwebhali noma i-wheat-bran okubalulekile adinga ukucindezelwa okuphezulu ukuze akhiqize ukushisa okwanele kokungqubuzana ukuze kufakwe i-starch gelatinization kanye nokubopha. Ithimba lobunjiniyela laseHongyang, elisebenza kusukela kudatha yangempela yokwakheka kwekhasimende, lincome isilinganiso sokucindezelwa esingu-9:1 esinobubanzi bembobo engu-3.5 mm, ubude bembobo obusebenzayo obungu-31.5 mm, kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza kwe-die obungu-140 mm. Lokhu kuchazwa kuhlose ukulinganisela ubulukhuni be-pellet kanye nokuphuma kwayo, kugwenywe ukucindezelwa ngokweqile okungabangela ukuxhunywa kwe-die, umthwalo omkhulu wemoto, kanye nomonakalo wokushisa ezithasiselweni zokudla ezizwela ukushisa ezifana nama-enzyme nama-amino acid okwenziwa.

Izinto zokwakha kanye nokuqina. I-HYPM ring die ekhethiwe isebenzise i-alloy eqinile nge-vacuum enobunzima bomphezulu obungu-60 HRC kanye nokujula kwecala okungu-1.5 mm. Lokhu kukhetha kwezinto zokwakha kuqhutshwa uhlobo lokukhuhla lokutholwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhasimende aseSpain, okuhlanganisa ingxenye yebhali elivela endaweni eyaziwa ngokuqukethwe kwalo okuphezulu kwe-silica okuvela ekungcoleni kwenhlabathi. Izinto zokwakha zensimbi ezijwayelekile ze-carbon ezimweni ezifanayo zesevisi zibonise ukuguguleka okusheshayo kwebhore ngaphakathi kwamahora okusebenza angu-3,000-4,000; i-HYPM alloy ilinganiselwe amahora angu-5,000-6,000 ngaphansi kwemithwalo efanayo yokukhuhla.

I-Pellet mill drive kanye ne-conditioning. I-SZLH420 ifakwe injini enkulu engu-110 kW eshayela i-ring die nge-gearbox esindayo enokudluliselwa kwegiya eliyi-helical, elinganiselwe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngesivinini sokufa esingu-250-350 rpm. Phezulu, i-conditioner enezingqimba ezimbili enesikhathi sokugcina samasekhondi angu-45-90 (engashintshwa nge-paddle angle) inikeza i-steam conditioning kuma-degrees C angu-80-85, ifinyelela okuqukethwe komswakama ngemuva kokupholisa okungu-15-17% kanye namazinga e-starch gelatinization angu-30-35% - kokubili ngaphakathi kwefasitela elihle kakhulu lokufaka i-pellet yokudla kwezingulube.

4. Ukufakwa, Ukuqalwa Kwemisebenzi, kanye Nemiphumela Yokuqala

Ukufakwa konke—kusukela ekuhlukaniseni umugqa omdala kuya ekukhiqizweni kokuqala ku-SZLH420—kuqediwe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-14, isikhathi esivunyelwe ukwakheka kwesakhiwo se-modular sohlaka lwe-pellet mill lukaHongyang, oluhlala epulatifomu yensimbi elinganisiwe engadingi ukuguqulwa kwesisekelo esithelwe ngokhonkolo.

Idatha yokuqalisa kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-30 zokusebenza ikhombisile:

Umthamo wokukhiqiza (ukudla kokukhulisa, 3.5 mm): Ithagethi >= 8 TPH, Okungokoqobo (Isilinganiso Sezinsuku Ezingama-30): 9.3 TPH

I-PDI (indlela yebhokisi eligoqekile): Ithagethi >= 92%, Okungokoqobo: 93.2%

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla athile: Ithagethi <= 16 kWh/t, Okungokoqobo: 14.8 kWh/t

Izinga lokubuyiselwa kwezinhlawulo: Okuhlosiwe <= 5%, Okungokoqobo: 3.1%

Umswakama ngemuva kokupholisa: Okuhlosiwe 15-17%, Okungokoqobo: 16.2%

I-gelatinization yesitashi: Ithagethi 30-35%, Okungokoqobo: 33.6%

Umphumela we-PDI wawubaluleke kakhulu. Ku-93.2%, umshini wokugaya wawukhiqiza ama-pellets abambene ndawonye nge-lifti yamabhakede yendawo, i-rotary screener, kanye nomugqa wokudlulisa umoya wamamitha angu-25 ukuya ezindaweni zokugcina umkhiqizo oqediwe - futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ohambweni lweloli lwamakhilomitha angu-80-120 oluya emapulazini ezingulube akhonzwa umshini wokugaya. Abasebenzi bomshini wokugaya babike ukuthi ukuqongelela kwezinhlawulo phansi kwamaloli okuthutha ngobuningi kwehle cishe ngo-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nomugqa omdala.

5. Umthelela Epulazini: Kungani Ikhwalithi Yezimbotshana Zibalulekile Ekusebenzeni Kwezingulube

Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwemishini yokufaka ama-pellet akusikho emshinini wokudla kodwa esibayeni sezingulube. Kubakhiqizi bezingulube, ikhwalithi yama-pellet ithinta ngqo izinto ezintathu ezibangela umnotho:

Ukungenisa ukudla kanye nezinga lokukhula. Izifundo zibonisa njalo ukuthi ama-pellet ezingulube ezidla isikhathi eside anezinhlawulo ezincane athola isilinganiso esiphezulu sokudla kwansuku zonke (i-ADFI) kanye nesilinganiso senzuzo yansuku zonke (i-ADG) uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo ma-pellet adlayo noma aqhekekile anokuqukethwe kwezinhlawulo eziphezulu. Indlela ilula: izinhlawulo zandisa ukuchitheka kokudla, zinciphisa ukunambitheka, futhi zibangele izingulube ukuthi zichithe isikhathi esiningi zihlela ukudla kunokukudla. Kumakhasimende ase-Aragon mill - ikakhulukazi imisebenzi ekhula kuze kube sekupheleni enekhanda elingu-2,000-5,000 ngokudla kwendawo ngayinye kumelela u-60-70% wezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphelele, okwenza ngisho nokuthuthukiswa okuncane kwe-FCR kube nenjongo ngokwezomnotho.

Ukufana kwezakhamzimba. I-pellet eyenziwe kahle iqinisekisa ukuthi ukulunywa ngakunye kuqukethe iphrofayili ephelele yezakhamzimba eyenziwe yisazi sokudla. Lapho ama-pellet ehlukana abe ama-fine ngesikhathi sokuphathwa, ama-fine avame ukugxila phansi kwezindawo zokudla kuyilapho ama-pellet aphelele ehlala phezulu, okudala ngempumelelo ukudla okubili okuhlukene ngaphakathi kwe-feeder efanayo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kunciphisa ukudla okunembile okudingwa yizakhi zofuzo zengulube zanamuhla.

Impilo yamathumbu kanye nokuhlanzeka kokudla. Ukuhlanganiswa komswakama, izinga lokushisa, kanye nengcindezi ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-pellet kufeza ukwehla okuyingxenye komthwalo wamagciwane, kufaka phakathi izifo ezivamile ezithwalwa ukudla. Nakuba ukufakwa kwe-pellet kungeyona isinyathelo sokubulala amagciwane, inqubo yokushisa inikeza isithiyo esengeziwe sokuhlanzeka esihambisana nezinyathelo zokuphepha kwe-bio ezingeni lepulazi.

Phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuthuthukiswa komugqa wokugaya ama-pellet, amapulazi amabili amakhulu kakhulu enkontileka abike ukuthuthuka kwe-FCR ngamaphuzu angu-0.08-0.12 esigabeni sokukhulisa (isisindo somzimba esingu-30-70 kg), okusho ukonga okulinganiselwa ku-8-12 kg kokudla kwengulube ngayinye kuleso sigaba sokukhula. Umphathi wokukhiqiza we-mill uthi lokhu akubangelwa nje ushintsho lwemishini kodwa futhi kubangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kokuqina kwama-pellet okuthuthukisiwe kanye nesinqumo se-mill sokuqinisa ukuhlolwa kwayo kwekhwalithi enqubweni emugqeni ohlinzekwa yi-Hongyang onikeze umkhiqizo ohambisanayo.

6. Ukusekelwa Kwangemva Kokuthengisa Njengomhlukanisi Wokuncintisana

Esinye isici sokuzibandakanya kweHongyang ikhasimende laseSpain elisisho njengesibalulekile kwakuwukutholakala kokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe ngale kokufakwa kokuqala. Kuma-ring die pellet mills, i-ring die ngokwayo iyinto esetshenziswayo okumele ishintshwe njalo emahoreni angu-5,000-6,000 (kuye ngokuthi izinto eziluhlaza zilukhuni kangakanani kanye nemikhuba yokulungisa opharetha). I-Hongyang igcina isitokwe sama-ring die e-HYPM ashintshaniswayo ngezilinganiso ezijwayelekile zokucindezela kanye nobubanzi bemigodi ye-SZLH420, futhi inikeza ubunjiniyela be-die obungokwezifiso kuma-mills anezinhlobo ezingezona ezejwayelekile.

Ngesikhathi sokushintshana kokuqala kwe-die cishe emahoreni okusebenza angu-5,200, ithimba lokulungisa lekhasimende lihlangabezane nenkinga encane yokuqondanisa ebangelwe yi-torque engalingani ye-bolt ekuhlanganisweni kwe-die clamp. Abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe baseHongyang banikeze isiqondiso sevidiyo ekude zingakapheli amahora angu-24, behambisa ithimba enkambisweni yokulandelana kwe-torque eyaxazulula inkinga ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokungasebenzi kokukhiqiza esidlula ushintsho olulodwa. Embonini lapho ukumiswa kwamahora angu-24 kumshini wokugaya ongamathani angu-60,000 ngonyaka kungasho amathani angu-150-200 okukhishwa okulahlekile, isivinini kanye nekhwalithi yokusekelwa okukude kunenani elibonakalayo lezomnotho.

Kusukela lapho ikhasimende seli-ode idayisi yesibili yendandatho ye-HYPM enesilinganiso sokucindezela esishintshiwe kancane (9.5:1) seqembu elisha lokudla kokuqeda okunokufakwa kwebhali okuphezulu - ukulungiswa kokwakheka okuqhutshwa ukutholakala kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zonyaka e-Ebro Valley. Ukuzimisela kukaHongyang ukukhiqiza idayisi elenziwe ngokwezifiso leyunithi eyodwa kunokudinga inani elincane le-oda eliyisihlanu noma ngaphezulu, ngamazwi ekhasimende, "umehluko phakathi komhlinzeki nomlingani."

7. Isiphetho

Imakethe yokudla kwezingulube yaseSpain ingenye yezindawo ezithuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yobuningi obuphezulu, entengo iphansi, futhi edinga ubuchwepheshe. Kubakhiqizi bemishini abafuna ukungena noma ukwandisa kule makethe, izithiyo azizona nje ezentengiselwano kodwa zezobuchwepheshe: ukuqina kwe-pellet, ukuqina komkhiqizo, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, kanye nokuphendula ngemuva kokuthengisa yizona zimali zangempela zokuncintisana.

Uhlelo lwe-SZLH420 ring die pellet mill lwe-Hongyang Feed Machinery kanye ne-HYPM ring die lubonise ukuthi umugqa we-pelleting ophakathi nendawo owenziwe eShayina ungahlangabezana noma udlule okulindelwe kokusebenza komshini wokuphakelayo waseYurophu oqhutshwa yikhwalithi. Ukuhlanganiswa kobunjiniyela besilinganiso sokucindezela esifanele, izinto zokwakha ze-die zezinga eliphezulu, kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe okuphendulayo kukhiqize imiphumela elinganisekayo: i-PDI engaphezu kwama-93%, ukukhishwa kwe-9-10 TPH, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungu-14.8 kWh/t, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-FCR okuphansi okubalulekile emgomweni womfuyi wezingulube.

Kwabalimi bokudla abahlola imishini yokugaya, icala lase-Aragon ligcizelela izimiso ezintathu ezifanele ukufezwa kunoma yisiphi isinqumo sokuthenga: okokuqala, sebenzisa isikhathi sokufanisa isilinganiso sokucindezela i-ring die nefomula yakho yangempela kunokuthembela ezicacisweni ezijwayelekile; okwesibili, phatha amandla okusekela ngemuva kokuthengisa njengendlela yokukhetha elingana nentengo kanye nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe; kanti okwesithathu, linganisa ukusebenza kwemishini hhayi ngeshidi ledatha kodwa ngemiphumela yokuguqulwa kokudla esangweni lepulazi - ngoba yilapho yonke into ifakazela khona ukubaluleka kwayo.