I-Indian Broiler Integrator Ithole i-94% PDI nge-Hongyang Ring Die Pellet Mill | Ucwaningo Lwesibonelo Sokukhiqiza Okuqhubekayo

Isifinyezo Esiphezulu

Umkhakha wokudla kwezinkukhu eNdiya ukhiqiza cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-40 okudla okuhlanganisiwe minyaka yonke, kanti ukudla kwezinkukhu kubalwa u-66% wemakethe iyonke. Njengomkhiqizi wenyama yezinkukhu wesihlanu ngobukhulu emhlabeni ongamathani ayizigidi ezingu-9.77, abahlanganisi bezinkukhu baseNdiya basebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu lapho ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kokudla - okuthonywa ngqo yikhwalithi yama-pellet - kunquma inzuzo [1].

Lolu cwaningo luhlola indlela i-mid-tier broiler integrator ebhandeni lezinkukhu laseTamil Nadu eyabhekana ngayo nokungahambisani okungapheli kokukhiqiza ngokusebenzisa umshini wokugaya i-ring die pellet waseHongyang HYPM-508 njengesici esiyinhloko somugqa wokudla wokuqeda ovuselelwe. Ezinyangeni ezingaphezu kwezingu-20 zokusebenza, umshini wokugaya ulondoloze i-Pellet Durability Index (PDI) engaphezu kuka-94%, waletha amandla azinzile angamathani angu-6.5 ngehora, futhi waqopha isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe esibangelwa ukwehluleka kwe-ring die - imiphumela ebonisa kokubili ikhwalithi yobunjiniyela yemishini yaseHongyang kanye nendlela yenkampani ehlelekile yokubonisana ngaphambi kokuthengisa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemishini endaweni.

1. Umongo Wemboni: Umkhakha Wokudla Kwezinkukhu eNdiya

Imboni yokudla okuhlanganisiwe yaseNdiya inenani elilinganiselwa ku-USD 18 billion kusukela ngo-2025, kanti ukubikezela kufinyelela ku-USD 25.25 billion ngo-2030 ngesilinganiso sokukhula kwaminyaka yonke esingu-7.0% [2]. Ukudla kwezinkukhu kubusa umhlaba: ukudla kwenkukhu kuphela kwakha u-66% wemakethe, okuqhutshwa yizinkampani ezihlanganiswe ngokuqondile ezilawula cishe u-80% wokukhiqizwa kwenyama yenkukhu ehleliwe.

I-Tamil Nadu iphakathi kwezifundazwe ezine ezihamba phambili eNdiya ezikhiqiza izinkukhu, kanye ne-Andhra Pradesh, i-Maharashtra, ne-Haryana. Umzila we-Namakkal-Salem entshonalanga ye-Tamil Nadu ungenye yezindawo ezigcwele izinkukhu e-Asia, uhlala ezindaweni zokudla ezingaphezu kuka-1,200 futhi usekela inani lezinkukhu ezithwala izinkukhu ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-150 nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kulesi simo esincintisana kakhulu, abahlanganisi bancintisana ngezindleko zokudla ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo esiphilayo - isilinganiso lapho ikhwalithi ye-pellet idlala indima enkulu khona.

Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kuyi-Indian Journal of Poultry Science lubonise ukuthi ukudla kwenkukhu okufakwe i-pelleted kuthuthukisa ukudla okudliwayo ngo-3-5% futhi kunciphisa imfucuza yokudla ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-12 uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla okuxutshwe ne-mash. Ku-integrator ekhiqiza amathani angu-20,000 okuphakelwa minyaka yonke, ukuthuthuka okungu-5% ekusebenzeni kahle kokuphakelwa kokudla kuchaza ukuthi cishe amathani ayi-1,000 okuphakelwayo agciniwe - ngamanani ommbila waseNdiya angu-INR 22-24 ngekhilogramu, lokhu kusho ukonga okungaphezu kwe-INR 22 million (USD 265,000) ngonyaka.

2. Inselele Yekhasimende

I-Shri Balaji Feeds, i-integrator ye-broiler eseduzane neNamakkal, eTamil Nadu, isebenzisa uhlelo lokukhiqiza oluvaliwe oluhlanganisa ipulazi lokuzalanisa eliyinhloko, indawo yokufuya izinkukhu, abalimi be-broiler abayinkontileka abayi-180, kanye nefektri yokudla yangaphakathi ekhiqiza amathani angu-24,000 okuphakelwa okuhlanganisiwe minyaka yonke (isibalo sika-2024). Le nkampani imaketha izinyoni eziphilayo ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zokuphakelwa zesikhathi eside nabacubunguli besifunda futhi inedumela lokufana kwesisindo sezinyoni okuqhubekayo - isici esihlobene ngqo nokuvumelana kwe-pellet yokudla.

Ngasekupheleni kuka-2023, umugqa wama-pellet okuguga we-feed mill wawunezinkinga ezintathu zokusebenza:

Umthamo wokukhiqiza ongazinzile. I-pellet mill ekhona, iyunithi engu-90 kW ekhiqizwe ekhaya efakwe ngo-2016, yaletha umthamo wokukhiqiza ohamba phakathi kwamathani angu-3.8 no-5.2 ngehora kwi-pellet ejwayelekile ye-broiler finisher engu-3.5mm. Abasebenzi bathi ukuguquguquka kwalokhu kungenxa yokucindezelwa kwe-die okungahambisani - njengoba i-ring die yayiguga ngokungalingani endaweni yayo yokusebenza, ukugeleza kwezinto kwahlukahluka, okuphoqa ukulungiswa okuvamile ngesandla kwisivinini se-feeder kanye nokucindezela komusi.

Ikhwalithi ye-pellet eyehlayo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PDI okuvamile kusetshenziswa indlela ye-ASAE S269.4 tumbling kubuyisele amanani aphakathi kuka-86% no-90%, njalo ngaphansi komkhawulo wekhwalithi yangaphakathi yomhlanganisi ongu-92%. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlawulo esiteshini sokufaka ama-bagging kufinyelele ku-7-9% ngesisindo, okudinga ukuthi umshini wokugaya usebenzise i-scalper eyengeziwe futhi uvuselele izinhlawulo zokubuyisela kabusha ngokusebenzisa umshini wokucindezela i-pellet - umkhuba owandise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi wethula ukuhlukahluka kobulukhuni be-pellet ngenxa ye-gelatinization yesitashi esicutshungulwe kabusha.

Ukushintshaniswa kwedayi yendandatho njalo. Idayi yendandatho yayidinga ukushintshwa njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-9-11. Ukushintsha ngakunye kwathatha izinsuku ezimbili zokukhiqiza ezigcwele, lapho i-integrator yaphoqeleka ukuthenga ukudla kwezentengiselwano ngentengo ephansi cishe engu-INR 3,500 ngethani. Ngonyaka ojwayelekile, lokhu kwafinyelela cishe ku-INR 1.4 million ezindlekweni zokuthenga ezengeziwe, kungabandakanyi izindleko ze-INR 380,000 zedayi yendandatho yokufaka esikhundleni.

“Umshini wokugaya ama-pellet wawuyinhliziyo yomsebenzi wethu wonke,” kukhumbula umphathi wokukhiqiza wesitshalo. “Lapho usebenza kahle, konke kwakusebenza kahle. Lapho kunzima, sasizwa umthelela ovela endaweni yokuchamisela kuya endaweni yokucubungula.”

3. Ukuhlolwa Nokukhethwa Kwemishini

Phakathi kukaJanuwari noMashi 2024, i-Shri Balaji Feeds ihlole izinketho zokufaka esikhundleni ezivela kubahlinzeki abane: umkhiqizi oyedwa waseNdiya, uphawu olulodwa lwaseYurophu olumelelwe ngumsabalalisi wendawo, kanye nabathumeli ababili baseShayina, okuhlanganisa neLiyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. (Hongyang).

Ukuhlolwa kwabeka isisindo esithile ezicini ezintathu:

I-ring die metallurgy kanye nokunemba. I-Hongyang inikeze imininingwane eningiliziwe yezinto zokwakha ze-HYPM-508 ring die yayo: insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic engu-4Cr13 (X46Cr13), eqinile nge-vacuum ku-HRC 54-56 endaweni yokusebenza, enezimbobo ezibhobozwe ngezibhamu eziqinisekisa ububanzi bangaphakathi obufanayo kanye nokuqedwa kodonga okubushelelezi. Imibiko yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni benkampani yangaphandle kanye nezilinganiso ze-bore gauge kufakiwe kumadokhumenti angaphambi kokuthengisa - izinga lokucaca elalihlukanisa i-Hongyang kubancintisani abanikeza imininingwane ejwayelekile kuphela.

Umthamo wokukhiqiza kanye nokulungiswa kwamandla. Ithimba lobunjiniyela laseHongyang libale umthamo wokukhiqiza okulindelekile wamathani angu-6-8 ngehora le-pellet ye-broiler finisher engu-3.5mm ngesilinganiso sokucindezela esingu-1:7.5, kusetshenziswa injini eyinhloko engu-132 kW. Lokhu kuhambisana nesidingo samanje se-integrator esingu-6 t/h esine-headroom yokwandisa esikhathini esizayo ibe ngu-8 t/h. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imodeli efanayo yomhlinzeki waseYurophu yayidinga imoto engu-160 kW ukuze ikhiqize umkhiqizo ofanayo, okuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nezindleko zamandla zesikhathi eside.

Izinkomba kanye nokuzibophezela kwesevisi. I-Hongyang inikeze imininingwane yokuxhumana yamakhasimende amathathu akhona e-Asia - okuhlanganisa i-integrator yenkukhu ePhilippines kanye ne-feed mill eVietnam - abaqinisekisile ukuthi inkampani isabela kanjani ngemuva kokuthengisa. I-Hongyang iphinde yazibophezela ekuqalisweni kwenkampani yithimba lobunjiniyela labantu ababili, ukuqeqeshwa kwabaqhubi, kanye newaranti yezinyanga ezingu-24 emzimbeni we-ring die (ngaphandle kokugqoka okuvamile), imigomo edlula ukumbozwa okujwayelekile kwezinyanga ezingu-12 okunikezwa abanye abahlinzeki.

Ukukhetha kokugcina kwakuhlanganisa:

Imishini: I-Ring die pellet mill HYPM-508 (132 kW) – I-Pelletizing eyinhloko
Idayi yendandatho eyisipele: 508mm ID, izimbobo ezingu-3.5mm, CR 1:7.5 - Ukukhiqizwa kwesipele
Igobolondo le-roller (amasethi ama-2): ububanzi obungu-216mm, 40CrMnTi – Izingxenye ezigqokwayo
Isilungisi: I-Double-shaft, 5.5 kW – Isilungisi somusi

4. Ukuqaliswa Kokugunyazwa Nokukhiqizwa

UHongyang wathumela onjiniyela ababili eNamakkal ngoMeyi 2024. Inqubo yokuqalisa ukusebenza yathatha izinsuku eziyi-12 futhi yahlanganisa izinto eziningana ikhasimende kamuva elazibona njengezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwakamuva kwesitofu:

Ukuqondanisa kahle. Ukuxhumanisa okuyinhloko kwenjini kwaqondaniswa ngaphakathi kwe-radial kanye ne-axial deviation engu-0.04mm - kuqine kakhulu kunencazelo yefektri kaHongyang engu-0.08mm. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lichithe usuku lonke liqondanisa lodwa, lichazela abasebenzi bokulungisa befektri ukuthi ngisho nokungalungi okuncane kusheshisa ukuguguleka kwamabhere futhi kwethula ukudlidliza okuphazamisa ukufana kwama-pellet.

Inqubo yokwephula i-ring die. Onjiniyela baqondisa inqubo yokwephula i-ring yamahora angu-8 besebenzisa ingxube ye-oily soybean meal kanye ne-rice bran ecolekile, esebenza ngomthwalo wenjini ongu-60%. Le nqubo - ebeka amagobolondo e-roller ebusweni be-die futhi ishise imigodi ye-die - iyindlela ejwayelekile ezigayweni zokudla zaseYurophu kodwa yayingajwayelekile kubasebenzi baseNamakkal. “Sasingakaze senze i-artificial break-in ehlelekile ngaphambili,” kuphawula umphathi wokulungisa. “Sasivame ukuqala nje ukondla izinto ngesivinini esigcwele futhi sinethemba lokuthi kuzolunga.”

Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi. Ezifundweni ezinhlanu, onjiniyela bahlanganise ukulungiswa kwegebe lama-roller (ukubekezelela ukudla kwezinkukhu okungu-0.15-0.25mm), amapharamitha ekhwalithi yomusi (umusi ogcwele ongu-0.3-0.4 MPa, izinga lokushisa lomusi elingu-80-85 degrees C), ukuhlolwa kokuguguleka komusi kusetshenziswa i-bore gauge, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga zekhwalithi ye-pellet evamile. Izinto zokuqeqesha zashiywa ngesiNgisi nangesiTamil, zenzelwe lokhu kufakwa ngqo.

I-PDI yokuqala ilinganise u-94.8% – idlula umgomo ongu-92% futhi isondela ku-95% wekhwalithi ephezulu ebhekwa njengekhwalithi ekukhiqizweni kokudla kwezinkukhu kwezentengiselwano.

5. Imiphumela Yokusebenza (Meyi 2024 – Okwamanje)

Ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-20 zokusebenza okuqhubekayo, icubungula cishe amathani angu-36,000 okuphakelwa kwezinkukhu, i-HYPM-508 inikeze imiphumela elandelayo elinganiselwe:

- Umphumela ophumelelayo: uthuthukisiwe kusuka ku-3.8-5.2 t/h (ongazinzile) kuya ku-6.5 t/h (ozinzile), ukuthuthukiswa okungu-+25% kuya ku-+71%
- Inkomba Yokuqina Kwe-Pellet (PDI): ithuthukisiwe kusuka ku-86-90% yaya ku-94-95%, inzuzo yamaphuzu angu-+5 kuya ku-+9
- Ukukhiqiza izinhlawulo ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwesikhwama: kuncishisiwe kusuka ku-7-9% kuya ku-2.8-3.2%, ukwehla okungu-63%
- Impilo yesevisi ye-ring die: ithuthukisiwe kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-9-11 kuya ezinyangeni ezingu-20+ (iyaqhubeka), intuthuko engu-+100%+
- Isikhathi sokuphumula esingahleliwe (nyanga zonke): sincishisiwe kusuka emahoreni ayi-16 saya emahoreni ama-2, ukwehla okungu-87.5%
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngethani: kwehlisiwe kusuka ku-21.6 kWh/t kuya ku-17.8 kWh/t, okuwukuthuthuka okungu-17.6%

Izinto eziningana okufanele ziqashelwe:

Ukuqina komthamo. Ngokungafani nomshini wokugaya wangaphambilini, omkhiqizo wawo wawushintshashintsha ngamathani ayi-1.4 ngehora kuye ngesimo sedayi, i-HYPM-508 igcine ibhendi elincane elingu-6.3-6.7 t/h kuyo yonke impilo yayo yokusebenza. Abaqhubi bathi lokhu kubangelwa ukufana kwemigodi yedayi ebholwe ngesibhamu kanye nokunemba kwegebe le-roller - izici eziqinisekisa ukucindezelwa kwezinto okuqhubekayo kuyo yonke indawo yokusebenza yedayi.

Impilo yedayi ende. Idayi yokuqala yendandatho ihlala isebenza ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-20 kanye namahora okusebenza angaba ngu-5,500, kanti izilinganiso ze-bore gauge zibonisa ukuguguleka okungaphansi kuka-0.3mm okudayayo phezu kwendawo yedayi. Lokhu kusebenza kubonisa ngqo i-metallurgy ye-4Cr13, inqubo yokuqinisa i-vacuum, kanye nenqubo yokugqekeza ehlelekile. Ngamazinga okuguguleka amanje, umphathi wokukhiqiza ulinganisela impilo yesevisi iyonke engaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-24 - okuphindwe kabili kunomjikelezo wezinyanga ezingu-9-11 owake waba khona ngaphambili.

Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ukwehla okungu-17.6% ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla ngethani ngalinye – kusuka ku-21.6 kWh kuya ku-17.8 kWh – kuveza ukonga ugesi minyaka yonke okungaba yi-INR 840,000 ngesilinganiso sikagesi sezimboni saseTamil Nadu esingu-INR 8.50 nge-kWh. Phakathi neminyaka eyi-15 yenkonzo elindelekile ye-pellet mill, lokhu konga okuhlanganisiwe kuphela kusondela ezindlekweni zokuqala zemishini.

6. Umbono Wamakhasimende

Ekubuyekezweni okulandelayo okwenziwe ngoDisemba 2025, abaphathi beShri Balaji Feeds bathole izici ezintathu ezahlukanisa ulwazi lwaseHongyang:

Okokuqala, ukucaca kwangaphambi kokuthengisa kwakha ukwethembana ngaphambi kokuba noma iyiphi imali ishintshe izandla. Imibiko yensimbi, idatha yokuhlolwa kobulukhuni, kanye nezinkomba zamakhasimende eziqondile kwanikeza isisekelo samaqiniso sesinqumo sokuthenga abasebenzi bobunjiniyela bangaphakathi ababengasiqinisekisa ngokuzimela.

Okwesibili, ikhwalithi yokuqalisa ukusebenza – ikakhulukazi inqubo yokungena kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwabaqhubi – ichazwe njengokutshalwa kwezimali ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside kunokuba kube umsebenzi wokuhlola. “Abaphakeli abaningi bathumela unjiniyela ukuthi aphendule iswishi ahambe. Ithimba likaHongyang lahlala kwaze kwaba yilapho abaqhubi bethu sebekwazi ukusebenzisa umshini ngaphandle kokuqondisa ngokwezidingo ezibekiwe,” kuphawula umphathi wokukhiqiza.

Okwesithathu, ukusabela ngemva kokuthengisa kuye kwahlala njalo. Lapho kuvela inkinga encane yesivalo somusi ngenyanga ye-14, ithimba lobuchwepheshe laseHongyang lathola inkinga likude zingakapheli amahora amathathu futhi lathumela ikhithi yesivalo esisha eyafika ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa - ngokushesha kunesikhathi sokuhola sezinsuku eziyi-10-14 esicashunwe ngumhlinzeki waseNdiya ngezingxenye ezilinganayo.

7. Isiphetho

Icala le-Shri Balaji Feeds libonisa isimiso esidlula noma iyiphi imakethe eyodwa: ekukhiqizweni kokudla kwezinkukhu, ukuzinza kokukhiqiza kuyisisekelo lapho kwakhiwa khona ikhwalithi yama-pellet, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. I-Hongyang HYPM-508 ring die pellet mill - ngokusebenzisa i-ring die yayo eklanywe ngokunemba, iphrothokholi yokuthumela eqondisiwe, kanye nokusekelwa okusabelayo ngemuva kokuthengisa - kwenze i-Tamil Nadu integrator ephakathi nendawo yakwazi ukuguqula ukusebenza kwe-pelletizing okungathembekile, okubiza kakhulu kube yimpahla yokukhiqiza ezinzile, eqhutshwa yikhwalithi.

Kwabahlanganisi bezinkukhu baseNdiya abahamba emakethe lapho ukudla kumelela khona u-65-70% wezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphelele, ukuthembeka kwemishini akuyona into elula - kuyisidingo sokuncintisana. Irekhodi lokusebenza lezinyanga ezingu-20 eShri Balaji Feeds, okuhlanganisa i-PDI engu-94%+, ukonga amandla okungu-17.6%, kanye nokushintshana kwe-zero ring die, kubonisa ukuthi inhlanganisela kaHongyang yokunemba kokukhiqiza kanye nokuzibophezela kwensizakalo inikeza inani elilinganiselwe, elihlala njalo ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ukudla ezinomthamo omkhulu, ezibucayi kakhulu.

Izinkomba zedatha: [1] I-Alltech Agri-Food Outlook / Izibalo zokukhiqizwa kokudla kwase-India; [2] I-IMARC Group, “Umbiko Wemakethe Yezinkukhu Zase-India 2025-2030″; [3] I-Indian Journal of Poultry Science, izinkinga ezahlukahlukene ngesimo sokudla kanye nokusebenza kwezinkukhu; [4] I-ASAE Standard S269.4, “Ama-Cubes, Ama-Pellets, kanye Nokuqhekeka – Izincazelo Nezindlela Zokunquma Ubuningi, Ukuqina, kanye Nokuqukethwe Komswakama”; [5] I-USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, “Umbiko Wonyaka Wezinkukhu Nemikhiqizo Yase-India.”