Isifinyezo esiphezulu
INigeria ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wezinhlanzi zasemanzini e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, kodwa umkhakha wayo wokudla kwezinhlanzi usalokhu uncike kakhulu ekuthengeni izinhlanzi kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2024, izwe langenisa phakathi kwamathani angu-300,000 no-400,000 okuphakelwa kwezinhlanzi nezithako minyaka yonke, lachitha imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-1.2 zamaRandi ukuvala igebe lesidingo samathani angu-2.4 million. Umshini wokudla kwasemanzini ophakathi nendawo e-Ogun State, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNigeria, wafuna ukufaka esikhundleni sokudla okuntantayo okukhishwe kwamanye amazwe ngezindlela ezikhiqizwe endaweni zezinhlanzi zasemanzini (Clarias gariepinus) kanye nemisebenzi yokulima yaseNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Ngemva kokuhlola abahlinzeki bemishini eminingi, umshini wakhetha umshini wokukhiqiza i-Hongyang SZLH series ring die pellet ohlanganiswe nohlelo lokulungisa izinhlanzi ngemuva kokukhipha izinhlanzi. Zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha zokusebenza, lesi sikhungo sathola amandla okukhiqiza aqinile angamathani angu-3.5-4 ngehora, i-pellet durability index (PDI) engaphezu kwama-96%, kanye nesilinganiso sokuzinza kwamanzi esingaphezu kwamahora ayi-6 kuma-pellet antantayo. Izilinganiso zokuguqulwa kokudla (i-FCR) ezibikwe ngamakhasimende angaphansi komfula zithuthuke kusukela kusilinganiso esingu-1.8:1 kuya ku-1.4:1 uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla kwezentengiselwano okungenisiwe. Lolu cwaningo luhlola izizathu zobuchwepheshe ngemuva kokukhethwa kwemishini, imiphumela yokukhiqiza, kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho ezibonakalayo ezitholwa yinkampani yokudla yaseNigeria.
## 1. Indawo Yokudla Kwamanzi eNigeria: Imakethe Engaphansi Kwengcindezi
Imakethe yokudla kwezilwane yaseNigeria ifinyelele cishe ku-15.18 million metric tons ngo-2024, kanti i-aquafeed imele enye yezingxenye ezikhula ngokushesha. Umkhiqizo we-aquaculture wezwe uqhutshwa yi-catfish—equkethe cishe u-70% wokukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi ezifuywayo—kanye ne-tilapia, okuye kwasetshenziswa ngokushesha ezinhlelweni zokulima ezikhejini kulo lonke elase-Ogun, eLagos, naseDelta.
Naphezu kwalokhu kukhula, amandla okukhiqiza ukudla kwezinhlanzi zasekhaya asele ngemuva kwesidingo. I-National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research (NIFFR) ibhale phansi ukuthi izimayini zokudla zasendaweni zikhiqiza amathani acishe abe yizigidi ezingu-1.2 ngonyaka uma kuqhathaniswa nenani eliphelele lamathani angaphezulu kwezigidi ezingu-3.6. Lokhu kushoda kuye kwagcwaliswa ngokomlando ngokungeniswa okuvela eMorocco, eMauritania, eBrazil, kanye nabahlinzeki baseYurophu njengeSkretting kanye ne-Aller Aqua.
Isimo sezomnotho esikhulu siqinise ukuphuthuma kokushintsha indawo. Phakathi kuka-2024 nasekuqaleni kuka-2025, i-Naira yaseNigeria yehla cishe ngo-50% uma iqhathaniswa nedola laseMelika, yakhuphula ngqo izindleko zokudla okungenisiwe ngo-30-50%. Ngasekupheleni kuka-2025, isikhwama esijwayelekile esingu-15 kg sokudla okuntantayo esingenisiwe sathengiswa cishe ngo-₦42,000—intengo eyabangela ukuthi imisebenzi emikhulu yokufuya izinhlanzi ingasebenzi kahle kwezomnotho kubalimi abaningi abancane nabaphakathi.
Le nkinga yamanani idale inselele kanye nethuba kubakhiqizi bokudla bendawo: batshale imali emishinini ekwaziyo yokukhiqiza ukudla okuntantayo okuphumayo ngezindleko ezincintisanayo, noma balahlekelwe yisabelo semakethe ngokuphelele.
## 2. Isizathu Sokukhetha Imishini: Kungani Kusetshenziswa I-Ring Die Ngenxa Yezinye Izindlela
Umqhubi womshini wokugaya wase-Ogun State uhlole izindlela ezintathu zobuchwepheshe zokukhiqizwa kokudla kwezinhlanzi ezintantayo:
Izindleko Zokusebenza Ze-Technology Capital Izindleko Ze-Pellet Ikhwalithi Yokufaneleka KwaseNigeria
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I-extruder ene-screw eyodwa (engenisiwe) Iphakeme kakhulu Iphezulu (izingxenye ezisele) Ihle kakhulu Iphansi—izikhathi zokuhola ezinde, ukuvezwa kwe-FX
Umshini wokugaya i-pellet wendawo ophansi ophansi oguquguqukayo Ukuntanta okuphakathi—okuningi, ukukhishwa okuncane
I-ring die pellet mill + i-post-conditioning Emaphakathi Emaphakathi Ephezulu (ene-conditioning efanele) Ephakeme—iqinile, iyalungiseka, iqinisekisiwe
Umqhubi ukhethe indlela ye-ring die ngezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, ama-ring die pellet mills asebenza ngomthamo ophezulu nge-kilowatt-hora kunezinye izindlela ze-flat-die, kanti amandla asukela ku-1 kuya ku-20 metric tons ngehora kuye ngobukhulu be-die kanye nesilinganiso se-motor. Okwesibili, i-ring die eyenziwe kahle enesilinganiso sokucindezela esifanele kanye ne-steam conditioning ingafinyelela amazinga e-gelatinization anele ukukhiqiza ama-pellet antantayo ngaphandle kwe-expander ezinikele—ukonga okukhulu kwemali. Okwesithathu, ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezingasetshenziswa endaweni ezifana nama-dies, ama-rollers, nama-bearings kwakubalulekile emakethe lapho isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwemishini engeniswayo sivame ukudlulela emavikini ngenxa yokususwa kwempahla kanye nobunzima bezokuthutha.
I-Hongyang SZLH ring die pellet mill, efakwe injini enkulu engu-160 kW, i-stainless steel conditioner, kanye ne-ring die enesilinganiso sokucindezela esingu-1:8.5 esilungiselelwe ukwakheka kwe-aquafeed okuntantayo, yakhethwa ngemuva kokuba umenzi enikeze ukuhlolwa kwe-die okuqondene ne-formula esebenzisa amasampula ezinto zokusetshenziswa zaseNigeria—kufaka phakathi ukudla kwesoya kwendawo, ikhekhe lamantongomane, kanye ne-cassava starch binder—esikhungweni sabo sokuhlola saseLiyang.
## 3. Ukusebenza Kokukhiqiza kanye Nezilinganiso Zekhwalithi Ye-Pellet
Ukuqaliswa kokusebenza kwenzeke ngoSepthemba 2025, kanti ukukhiqizwa okugcwele kwanda ngoNovemba. Izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile eziqoshwe esikhathini sokuqapha sezinyanga ezine ezilandelayo zifingqiwe ngezansi:
I-Metric Target Real (Isilinganiso Sezinyanga Ezi-4)
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Umthamo wokusebenza (amathani e-metric/ihora) 3.0 3.6
Inkomba Yokuqina Kwe-Pellet (PDI) ≥95% 96.4%
Ukuzinza Kwamanzi (ukuntanta, amahora) ≥4 amahora 6.2 amahora
Ubuningi (kg/m³) 450–500 472
Izinga Lokucwila Kwama-Pellet <5% kumaminithi angu-30 2.8%
Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla (kWh/ton) ≤45 42.3
Impilo Yesevisi Yokufa (amathani ngaphambi kokushintsha) 8,000 Kuthrekhi—amathani angu-2,400 ngokusebenzisa ukuguguleka okungaphansi kuka-0.3 mm
Umphumela we-PDI ongu-96.4% ubaluleke kakhulu ekudleni okuntantayo emanzini. Ukuqina okuphezulu kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlawulo ngesikhathi sokuhambisa, ukufaka izikhwama, kanye nokuthutha—izinhlawulo ebezizoncipha ngokushesha lapho kufakwa ichibi, okubangela ukuwohloka kokungcola kokudla kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi. Ukuqina kwamanzi okungaphezu kwamahora ayi-6 kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-pellets ahlala engashintshi futhi ethambile kuyo yonke indawo yokudla izinhlanzi ze-catfish, okuvumela abalimi ukuthi baqaphele ukusetshenziswa kwazo futhi balungise amazinga okuphakelwa.
Izilinganiso zokuguqulwa kokudla okubikwe amapulazi angu-12 angaphansi komfula alandelwa yi-mill zilinganisele ku-1.4:1 emjikelezweni wokukhula ogcwele, uma kuqhathaniswa no-1.8:1 kokudla okungenisiwe okusetshenziswe ngaphambilini. Ngokwezindleko zokudla ezikhona, lokhu kuthuthuka kusho ukuthi cishe ku-₦112,000 ekongeni izindleko zokudla ngethani lezinhlanzi ezivuniwe—inzuzo enkulu yokuncintisana kubalimi.
## 4. Umthelela Wezomnotho kanye Nempendulo Yamakhasimende
Ukushintsha kokudla okuntantayo okuvela kwamanye amazwe kuya kokudla okukhiqizwe endaweni kulethe izinzuzo ezintathu ezikhulayo kwezomnotho:
1. Ukwehliswa kwezindleko zokudla: Intengo yesigayo yangaphambili yefektri ngesikhwama esingu-15 kg yayicishe ibe ngu-₦28,000, okungu-33% ngaphansi kwezindleko zokufika kwezinye izindlela ezingenisiwe ku-₦42,000.
2. Ukuthembeka kochungechunge lokuphakelwa: Izikhathi zokuhola zehle kusukela emavikini ayi-6-8 (umjikelezo wokungenisa) kuya emahoreni angama-48 (ukulethwa kwendawo). Abalimi banga-oda ukudla ngokufunwa kunokugcina amasheya abizayo.
3. Ukuguquguquka kokwakheka: Imishini yokugaya ingalungisa amazinga amaprotheni kanye nokwakheka kwezithako ngokusekelwe ekutholakaleni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zonyaka—ifake isilinganiso esiphezulu sekhekhe lamantongomane ngesikhathi sokuvuna bese ishintshela ekudleni kwesoya lapho amanani ethanda—ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhwalithi yomzimba we-pellet.
Umphathi wokukhiqiza wefekthri, okwaxoxwa naye ngemuva kwekota yokuqala yokusebenza, waphawula: “Sasizame eminye imishini emibili ngaphambili. Omunye wawungakwazi ukugcina ukugeleza kwe-pellet kungaphezu kwamahora amabili; omunye waphuka njalo emavikini amathathu. Umshini waseHongyang ususebenze izinyanga ezine ngokulungiswa okuhleliwe kuphela. Amakhasimende ethu athi ukudla kuhlala emanzini kanti izinhlanzi zidla ngamandla kakhulu.”
## 5. Isiphetho
Imakethe ye-aquafeed yaseNigeria isezingeni eliphezulu. Izindleko zokungenisa ezikhuphukayo, imali enciphayo, kanye nokukhula komkhiqizo we-aquaculture kuphoqa imboni ukuthi ikhiqize ukudla kwendawo. Icala le-Ogun State libonisa ukuthi umshini wokugaya i-ring die pellet ocacisiwe kahle—olungiselelwe nge-design-matched die geometry, i-steam conditioning eyanele, kanye nokuphathwa okuqinile kwe-post-pellet—ungakhiqiza ukudla kwe-catfish kanye ne-tilapia okuntantayo ngezinga lezentengiselwano, ngezilinganiso zekhwalithi ezihlangabezana noma ezidlula ezinye izindlela ezingenisiwe.
KuHongyang, ukufakwa kwaseNigeria kuqinisa irekhodi lenkampani ezimakethe lapho ukuqina kwemishini, ukuseviswa kwendawo, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kokwakheka kubaluleke kakhulu njengezibalo zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile. Ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwale fektri emijikelezweni eminingi yokukhiqiza kuqinisekisa ukuthi ipulatifomu ye-SZLH ring die ifaneleka kahle ezindaweni zokusebenza eziyinselele kanye namaphrofayili ahlukahlukene ezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibonakala ekukhiqizweni kokudla kwaseNtshonalanga Afrika.
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Izinkomba zedatha: Izibalo zenani lemakethe yokudla kwezilwane zaseNigeria ezivela ku-Research and Markets (2025); izibalo zokungenisa ukudla kwezinhlanzi kanye namanani avela ku-The Nation Newspaper kanye nemibiko yemboni emkhakheni wezolimo zasemanzini waseNigeria; idatha yokuguqulwa kokudla ebikwe yinhlolovo yamakhasimende engezansi yesitsha, ngoDisemba 2025–Mashi 2026.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-12-2026
