Isifinyezo esiphezulu
Lolu cwaningo lwecala lubhala phansi ukwakheka, ukufakwa, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-Umugqa wokukhiqiza ukudla kwezinkukhu nezilwane ongamathani ayi-10 ngehoraI-Hongyang Feed Machinery yanikezwa yi-Hongyang Feed Machinery endaweni yokudla yezentengiselwano eSifundazweni sasePunjab, ePakistan. Yaqaliswa ekuqaleni kuka-2025, lo mzila wathatha indawo yesitshalo esidala esisebenza ngama-t/h angu-4 esasibe yisithiyo esikhulu esifundeni lapho umkhakha wezinkukhu unikela khona cishe ama-PKR ayizigidigidi ezingu-350–450 (US$1.2–1.5 billion) minyaka yonke futhi usekela imisebenzi engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.5 (i-Pakistan Poultry Association, 2024). Idatha yangemva kokugunyazwa evela efasiteleni lokukhiqiza lezinsuku ezingu-90 (Mashi–Meyi 2025) ikhombisa ukukhiqiza okuqhubekayo kumthamo olinganiselwe, amanani e-pellet durability index (PDI) angu-96.2–97.8%, ukuxuba ukufana ngaphansi kwe-5% CV, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuqondile okungu-41.3 kWh/t lapho umthwalo ugcwele.
1. Isizinda Semakethe
Imboni yezinkukhu yasePakistan ikhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.25–1.40 enyama yezinkukhu ezithengiswayo kanye namaqanda angaba yizigidigidi ezingu-18.5 ngonyaka (Economic Survey of Pakistan, 2023–24). CisheIzindawo zokuphakela ukudla ezingama-300isebenza ezweni lonke ngomthamo ohlanganisiwe ofakiwe wamathani ayizigidi eziyi-10-12 ngonyaka, yize ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kusuka ku-68-78% ngenxa yokushoda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa njalo — ikakhulukazi ummbila nokudla kwesoya — kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekwa kwamandla kwesizini (i-Pakistan Feed Manufacturers Association, 2024).
I-mill echazwe lapha itholakala emzileni wezimboni waseFaisalabad, ikhonza imisebenzi ehlanganisiwe ye-broiler, amapulazi azimele afaka ungqimba, kanye namapulazi obisi ebhizinisi ashintshela ekudleni okusekelwe ku-TMR. Izici ezimbili zesakhiwo zaholela esinqumweni sokutshalwa kwezimali ngo-2024-25: ukwanda kwesidingo sokudla kwaphoqa umugqa we-4 t/h ukuthi usebenze ku-105-110% womthamo we-nameplate ngezikhathi eziphakeme, kanye nokuguquguquka kwezindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa - amanani ommbila ePunjab ashintshashintsha phakathi kwe-PKR 2,200 kanye ne-PKR 3,600 nge-maund ngayinye - okwenza ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kwaba yinto ebalulekile.
2. Inselele Yamakhasimende Nezidingo
Abaphathi befekthri bakhiphe i-RFQ esemthethweni maphakathi no-2024 enezincazelo zobuchwepheshe ezilandelayo:
| Ipharamitha | Isidingo Sekhasimende |
|---|---|
| Umthamo olinganisiwe | 10 t/h (ama-pellet aqediwe) |
| Ububanzi bosayizi we-Pellet | 2–8 mm (inkukhu, ungqimba, izinkomo) |
| Inkomba yokuqina kwe-Pellet (PDI) | ≥95% (ASAE S269.4) |
| Ukuxuba ukufana (i-CV) | ≤5% |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuqondile | ≤45 kWh/t (umugqa ogcwele) |
Imikhawulo yendawo yayihlanganisa indawo yokukhiqiza engamamitha angu-28 × 14 (okwabelwana ngayo nomugqa okhona), umthwalo kagesi ovunyelwe ongu-750 kVA, kanye nebhoyila ekhona engu-4 t/h ephethe amalahle edinga ukuthuthukiswa kwekhanda kuphela ukuze inikeze ama-conditioner amasha. Iphrofayili yezinto zokusetshenziswa - ukudla okusekelwe kubhontshisi wommbila, okune-bran kakolweni kanye ne-rice husk njengezinto zokufaka esikhundleni sesizini - kwakudinga ukuguquguquka kokugaya kuwo wonke amazinga omswakama ahlukahlukene (ummbila: 13–16%).
3. Ukuhlolwa Kobuchwepheshe kanye Nokucushwa Kwemishini
I-Hongyang Feed Machinery yenze ukuhlolwa kwezinsuku ezintathu endaweni ngo-Okthoba 2024, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka, ingqalasizinda kagesi, umthamo womusi, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ukucushwa okwalandela kwalandelaukuxuba inqwaba, ukuhlanza okuqhubekayoukugeleza kwenqubo:
3.1 Imishini Eyinhloko
| Ingxenye | Imishini | Imodeli | Ukucaciswa Kokhiye |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukugaya | Isigayo sesando esijikelezayo sezinyembezi | I-SDH-ZW50C | 132 kW, 1,480 rpm, 10–12 t/h esikrinini esingu-3.0 mm |
| Ukuxuba | I-paddle mixer ene-shaft ephindwe kabili | I-SSHJ.2 | 18.5 kW, ibhetshi engu-2,000 L, i-CV ≤5% |
| Ukuhlanganisa | Isikali se-elekthronikhi esinezibiyeli eziningi | I-HY-PB-10 | Amabhini ayi-10, ukunemba okungu-±0.2% |
| Ukukhipha i-Pellet | Isigayo se-pellet esidayiwe ngendandatho | I-SZLH420 | 110 kW, i-die ID 420 mm, amandla angu-8–12 t/h |
| Ukulungisa isimo | Isithambisi-moya esinezingqimba ezimbili | I-HY-CL420 | Ukugcinwa 120–180 s, ukukhishwa 82–92°C |
| Ukupholisa | Isipholile esiphendula ukugeleza kwamanzi | I-SKLN6 | Ukukhishwa ≤ endaweni ezungezile +5°C |
| Ukuhlola | Isivikelo sokukala esijikelezayo | SFJH125 | Idekhi ezintathu, 3 kW |
| Ukupakisha | Isikali esizenzakalelayo | SDBY-P | 10–50 kg/isikhwama, 10–12 izikhwama/umzuzu |
| Ukuqoqwa kothuli | Isihlungi sesikhwama se-Pulse jet | Uchungechunge lwe-TBLFa | Ukukhishwa komoya ≤20 mg/m³ |
3.2 Izinqumo Ezibalulekile Zobunjiniyela
Isu Lokugaya
Imbobo yesikrini engu-3.0 mm yachazwa ngezinhlobo zezinkukhu, yakhiqiza usayizi wezinhlayiya eziphakathi ongu-650–750 µm — ofanele kakhulu i-broiler FCR (Amerah et al., 2007). Ukudla kwezinkomo kwasebenzisa isikrini esingu-4.0 mm sokugaya kakhulu.
Ukucaciswa kwe-Ring Die
I-SZLH420 yayinezilinganiso zokucindezela ezingu-1:10 (i-broiler) kanye no-1:12 (ungqimba), ezikhethwe kudathabheyisi yokwakheka yaseHongyang ukuze zifane nokudla kokudla kommbila nobhontshisi wesoya okungu-14-16% okuvame kakhulu ePunjab.
Ukugcinwa Kwe-Conditioner
Ukugcinwa kwe-conditioner enezingqimba ezimbili okungu-150–180 kwemizuzwana engu-10 t/h kudlula umkhawulo wemizuzwana engu-120 oxhumene ne-starch gelatinization eyanele (>30%) yokudla okusekelwe kummbila okune-PDI ephezulu (Thomas et al., 1998), okuhambisana namazinga omswakama wezinto zokusetshenziswa eziluhlaza eziguquguqukayo esifundeni.
4. Ukufakwa Nokugunyazwa
Imishini eyathunyelwa isuka eLiyang, eShayina, yafika eKarachi Port ngoDisemba 2024 futhi yathuthwa yayiswa eFaisalabad ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2025. Ukufakwa kwaqedwa ngezinsuku ezingu-44 (Januwari 15–Febhuwari 28, 2025), lapho onjiniyela ababili bemishini baseHongyang kanye nonjiniyela kagesi oyedwa basebenzisana nethimba lokulungisa lamakhasimende labantu abayisithupha — isu lokudlulisela ulwazi ngamabomu.
Ukuqaliswa kwaqhubeka ngezigaba ezintathu:
Imishini ngayinye eqinisekisiwe ngokujikeleza, ukudlidliza, kanye namapharamitha kagesi. Ukudlidliza kwebhere eliyinhloko le-pellet mill kukalwe ku-2.3 mm/s RMS — ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ye-ISO 10816-3 Class III.
Ifomula eyodwa isebenza ku-4, 7, kanye no-10 t/h ekudleni kokuqala kwenkukhu (CP 23%). Ku-10 t/h, umthwalo wenjini ye-pellet mill wawungu-92-96% wamandla alinganisiwe, izinga lokushisa lokukhipha i-conditioner lalingu-88-91°C, kanti i-PDI ifinyelele ku-96.4%.
Ukwakheka kwe-Layer (CP 17%) kanye nezinkomo (CP 14%) kuqinisekisile ukuthi ikhwalithi ye-pellet ihlangabezana nezimfuneko kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokudla ezintathu.
Uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa kwabaqhubi oluthatha amahora angu-40 lwaluhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke, ukulandelana kokuqala/kokuvala, ukulungiswa komusi, izinqubo zokushintsha isikrini kanye nokushintsha idayi, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga eziyisisekelo. Izinto zokuqeqesha zinikezwe ngesiNgisi nangesi-Urdu, zihambisana nencwadi yokusebenza ebhalwe ngesandla.
5. Imiphumela Yokusebenza(Ifasitela Lezinsuku Ezingama-90: Mashi–Meyi 2025)
5.1 Umthamo Wokusebenza
| Ukwakheka | Isilinganiso (t/h) | Ibanga | Ukusetshenziswa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inkukhu Yenkukhu (3–4 mm) | 10.2 | 9.4–10.8 | 102% |
| Isendlalelo (4–5 mm) | 9.8 | 9.1–10.5 | 98% |
| Izinkomo (6–8 mm) | 10.6 | 9.8–11.2 | 106% |
5.2 Ikhwalithi ye-Pellet kanye Nokusebenza Kahle Kwamandla
| Ukwakheka | I-PDI (Isilinganiso ± SD) | Amandla Akhethekile (kWh/t) |
|---|---|---|
| Inkukhu Yenkukhu | 96.8% ± 0.7% | 41.3 |
| Isendlalelo | 96.2% ± 0.9% | 42.1 |
| Izinkomo | 95.4% ± 1.1% | 39.8 |
Ukuxuba ukufana, okuhlolwe nge-CV yamaprotheni angahluziwe kumaqoqo angu-30 enkukhu kanye namaqoqo angu-18 angqimba, kube nesilinganiso esingu-4.3% kanye no-4.6% ngokulandelana — kokubili ngaphakathi kwenhloso engu-≤5% (ASAE D241.4).
5.3 Isifinyezo Sokusebenza
| I-Metric | Ithagethi | Kufeziwe | Isimo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Umthamo | 10.0 t/h | 9.8–10.6 t/h | Kudlule |
| I-PDI | ≥95% | 95.4–96.8% | Kudlule |
| Ukuxuba i-CV | ≤5% | 4.1–4.8% | Kudlule |
| Amandla athile | ≤45 kWh/t | 39.8–42.1 kWh/t | Kudlule |
| Izinga lokwakheka kwama-pellet | ≥95% | 96.5% (isilinganiso) | Kudlule |
6. Ukusekelwa Kwesevisi Nokusekelelwa Ngemva Kokuthengisa
UHongyang unikeze ikhithi yokuqala yezingxenye ezisele (US$18,500), okuhlanganisa isethi eyodwa ephelele yezando, ama-ring dies amabili, isethi eyodwa yama-roller, ama-bearings, kanye nama-seal — alingana namahora okusebenza angu-1,200. Kwabelwa oxhumana naye ochwepheshe okhuluma isiNgisi ukuze asekele i-WhatsApp kanye ne-imeyili ngokusebenzisa i-remote. Phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ezingu-90, amaseshini amathathu akude axazulule i-alamu yokudlidliza engamanga, ukulungiswa komfutho womusi wommbila onomswakama ophezulu (16.2%), kanye nokulungiswa komswakama ngemuva kokushintsha isikrini. Inkontileka yokuhlinzeka ichaza ukuthunyelwa konjiniyela endaweni izinsuku ezingu-10 zokusebenza ngezinkinga ezingaxazululwa kude; kusukela ngoMeyi 2025, akukho kuvakasha endaweni okuye kwadingeka.
7. Isiphetho
Ukufakwa komugqa wokuphakelwa ongu-10 t/h eFaisalabad kubonisa ukuthi uhlelo lokufaka i-ring die pelleting oluchazwe kahle lungaletha ukugeleza okulinganiselwe, ikhwalithi ye-pellet, kanye nokuzuza kokusebenza kahle kwamandla embonini yokudla yasePakistan. Izici ezintathu zaholela empumelelweni yephrojekthi:
Ukucaciswa okunembile kwemingcele yendawo ngaphambi kokuthengiswa (amandla, umusi, isikhala)
Ukwenziwa ngcono kwepharamitha yenqubo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ikakhulukazi isikhathi sokugcina i-conditioner kanye nokucaciswa kwe-die
Ukuqeqeshwa kwabaqhubi okuqhubekisele phambili ukusebenza kwesigaba sokusebenza ekukhiqizeni okuvamile
Ku-Hongyang Feed Machinery, lokhu kuzibandakanya kuqinisa ukubaluleka kokuphatha ukuhlinzekwa kwemishini njengesevisi ehlanganisiwe yobunjiniyela bezinqubo kunokuba kube ukuthengiswa kwezentengiselwano. Njengoba umkhakha wezinkukhu wasePakistan ukhula ngo-8-12% ngonyaka, ikhono lokuletha imiphumela yokukhiqiza ethembekile nebhalwe phansi lizohlala liyinto ehlukanisayo kule makethe.
Izinkomba
- U-Amerah, AM, et al. (2007). Usayizi wezinhlayiya zokudla: Imiphumela ekugayweni nasekusebenzeni kahle kwezinkukhu.Ijenali Yesayensi Yezinkukhu Yomhlaba, 63(3), 439–455.
- Ucwaningo Lwezomnotho lwasePakistan (2023–24). UMnyango Wezezimali, Uhulumeni wasePakistan.
- Inhlangano Yabakhiqizi Bokudla KwasePakistan (2024).Umbiko Wemboni Waminyaka Yonke.
- Inhlangano Yezinkukhu zasePakistan (2024).Igalelo Lomkhakha Wezinkukhu Emnothweni Kazwelonke.
- UThomas, M., et al. (1998). Ikhwalithi ebonakalayo yokudla kwezilwane okufakwe i-pellet. 2.Isayensi Nobuchwepheshe Bokudla Kwezilwane, 70(3), 235–250.
- I-ASAE S269.4, S319.3, D241.4; ISO 10816-3.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-27-2026
