Isifinyezo esiphezulu
Imboni yokudla okuhlanganisiwe yaseKazakhstan ibhekene noshintsho olukhulu. Ngo-2025, izwe lakhiqiza cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.7 okuphakelwa kwezilwane zasemapulazini—ukwanda ngo-54% ngaphezu kuka-2024, ngokusho kwezibalo ezisemthethweni ezibikwe yi-APK-Inform. Isifunda saseKostanay, esinye sezifunda ezintathu ezikhiqiza ukudla okunempilo ezweni, siphinde kabili umkhiqizo waso kusuka kumathani angu-501,000 saya ngaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.05 ngesikhathi esifanayo, okubangelwa ukwanda kwemfuyo yasekhaya kanye nokwanda kwesidingo sokuthumela ngaphandle esivela eChina, esithathe ama-99.1% amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.7 okuphakelwa kwezilwane eKazakhstan ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisishiyagalombili zika-2025.
Kulesi simo esikhula kakhulu, umshini wokondla ophakathi nendawo esifundeni saseKostanay—ocubungula cishe amathani angu-40,000 okudla okuxubile okuxubile minyaka yonke kwemisebenzi yezinkomo nezimvu—wabhekana nobunzima bokukhiqiza. Umshini wawo wokondla osukhulile awukwazanga ukusekela imigomo yokukhiqiza ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhwalithi ye-pellet, futhi izikhawu zokufaka esikhundleni se-die zazifinyele emazingeni angewona awomnotho. Maphakathi no-2025, umshini wafaka umshini wokondla we-Hongyang HYPM-series ring die pellet olungiselelwe ukudla kwe-ruminant. Ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili ezalandela, umshini waqopha ukwanda okungu-31% kokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, ukuthuthuka okulinganiselwe kwenkomba yokuqina kwe-pellet, kanye nokwandiswa kwesikhathi senkonzo ye-ring die ngaphezu kuka-40%. Lesi sihloko sibhala umongo wokusebenza, ikhambi lobuchwepheshe, kanye nedatha yokusebenza ebonwe.
Imboni Yokudla Kwezilwane Ezidla I ...
Indawo yezolimo yaseKazakhstan ichazwa ngobukhulu bayo. Njengezwe lesishiyagalolunye ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngendawo yomhlaba, inamahektha angaba yizigidi ezingu-180 zomhlaba wezolimo, lapho amadlelo awo ahlanganisa cishe u-70%. Umhlambi wezinkomo wezwe, olinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-8.5 ngo-2024, kanye nenani lezimvu ezicishe zibe yizigidi ezingu-20, umele isisekelo esikhulu nesikhulayo sokudla okuhlanganisiwe.
Ngokomlando, imboni yemfuyo yaseKazakhstan yayithembele ekwaluseni amadlelo amakhulu, kanti ukudla okungeziwe kunqunyelwe ezinyangeni zasebusika. Izici ezintathu ziye zabangela ushintsho olukhulu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule:
Okokuqala, inqubomgomo kahulumeni. Uhlelo Lukahulumeni lwaseKazakhstan Lokuthuthukiswa Kwendawo Yezolimo Nezimboni, oluqhubeka kuze kube ngu-2026, luhlanganisa uxhaso oluqondiwe lwemisebenzi yokudla kanye nokwakhiwa kwemishini yokudla, okuhlose ukwandisa isabelo sezinkomo eziqediwe kakhulu kusukela ngaphansi kuka-15% kuya ngaphezu kuka-30%.
Okwesibili, izidingo zemakethe yokuthumela ngaphandle. Ingxenye enkulu yokuthunyelwa kokudla okuhlanganisiwe eKazakhstan igeleza iye eShayina, lapho ukuphepha kokudla kanye nezindinganiso zekhwalithi kuye kwaqina khona kancane kancane. Abathumeli baseShayina bafuna kakhulu izilinganiso zekhwalithi yama-pellet ezibhalwe phansi—inkomba yokuqina kwama-pellet, ukufana komswakama, kanye nokungabikho kwezinhlawulo—izindinganiso okunzima ukuzihlangabezana nazo njalo ngemishini yokuguga yama-pellet.
Okwesithathu, isidingo sezulu. INyakatho Kazakhstan, okuhlanganisa nesifunda saseKostanay, ibhekana nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu sezwekazi kanye namazinga okushisa asebusika angaphansi kwama-degree Celsius angu-30. Phakathi nesikhathi sokudla sasebusika sezinyanga eziyisithupha, lapho izilwane zivalelwe futhi zithembele ekudleni okugciniwe, ikhwalithi yama-pellet iba yisici esiqondile sokusebenza kwemfuyo. Ama-pellet aqhekeka ngesikhathi sokuphathwa akhiqiza izinhlawulo ezihlungwa futhi zilahlwe yizinkomo, okwandisa imfucuza yokudla lapho imingcele isivele icindezelwe izindleko zokushisa nezindlu.
I-Mill kanye Nenselele Yayo
Indawo yokudla okukhulunywa ngayo ikhonza iqembu lezindawo zokudla izinkomo zenyama yenkomo kanye nemisebenzi yokuqeda izimvu ngaphakathi kwendawo engamakhilomitha angu-150 ukusuka edolobheni laseKostanay. Iphothifoliyo yomkhiqizo wayo iqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili: isabelo sokuqeda izinkomo esisekelwe kubhali, ukolweni, ukudla kwe-sunflower, kanye ne-premix yamaminerali, kanye nesabelo sabalimi bezimvu esihlanganisa isidlo se-alfalfa, ibhali, kanye nokudla kwembewu yekotini.
Umugqa wokugaya ama-pellet okhona kule ndawo—umshini wokugaya ama-pellet owenziwe ekhaya owafakwa ngo-2012—wawusufinyelele ekupheleni kwesikhathi sawo senkonzo yezomnotho. Umnyango wokulawula ikhwalithi ubhale phansi lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo ngonyaka wokusebenza ka-2024:
Izikhawu zokushintsha i-ring die zazifinyezwe zaba cishe amahora angu-600 okusebenza, kusukela ekuchazweni kokuqala komkhiqizi kwamahora angu-1,200. Ukuguguleka kwe-die kwabonakala njengokwandiswa kwemigodi okuqhubekayo, okwandise isilinganiso sokucindezela esisebenzayo sendawo yokusebenza futhi kwaphakamisa amandla adingekayo ngethani lama-pellet akhiqizwayo.
Inkomba yokuqina kwama-pellet, elinganiswe kusetshenziswa i-Holmen tester (indlela yomoya), yehle kusukela ebangeni elamukelekayo elingu-93-94% laya ku-88-90%. Kumakhasimende e-feedlot yezinkomo emshinini, athola ama-pellet ngobuningi futhi awathutha ngama-tipping trailer emigwaqweni engagandayiwe, iphesenti eliphezulu lezinhlawulo lahunyushwa ngqo ekwenqatshweni kwezilwane ebhentshini lokudla kanye nokwenyuka okuhambisanayo kwezindleko ngekhilogremu ngayinye yokwanda kwesisindo esiphilayo.
Umthamo wokukhiqiza wehle kusukela kumathani ayi-metric angu-8 ngehora kuya kumathani ayi-6.2 ngehora esilinganisweni sezinkomo, okwadala isithiyo sokukhiqiza ngesikhathi soku-oda okuphezulu ngaphambi kobusika kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba, lapho umshini wawuvame ukusebenza amahora angu-20-22 ngosuku.
Isikhathi sokungasebenzi sibangelwa izinguquko ezihambisana nokushintshashintsha kwemishini okuhlobene naso silinganiselwa emahoreni ayi-12 ngenyanga, noma cishe amahora okukhiqiza ayi-144 alahlekayo minyaka yonke.
Ukucushwa kwe-Hongyang Pellet Mill
Ngemva kokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe okuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-die metallurgy, ukubonisana ngesilinganiso sokucindezela, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwendawo yokubhekisela, umshini wokugaya wakhetha umshini wokugaya we-Hongyang HYPM-series ring die pellet onesilinganiso samathani angu-8-12 ngehora kumafomula e-ruminant. Umshini waqaliswa ukusebenza ngoMeyi 2025. Izici eziningana zokuklama nokukhiqiza zafakazela ukuthi zibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza:
Ukwelashwa Kwensimbi Nokushisa Nge-Ring Die: Idayi eliyindandatho elinikezwa nomshini wokugaya lenziwe ngezinto zokufakelwa zensimbi ye-alloy (ibanga 4Cr13 noma elilinganayo, kuye ngokuthi lisetshenziswa kanjani), ngenqubo yokuqinisa i-vacuum efinyelela ubulukhuni bomphezulu obungu-58-60 HRC ngenkathi igcina ukuqina kwengaphakathi ukuze imelane nokuqhekeka ngaphansi kwesici sokulayisha esijikelezayo sezilinganiso ze-ruminant ezine-fiber ephezulu. Izimbobo zedayi zibholwa ngezibhamu bese zilolongwa zibe yisiphetho somphezulu esingu-Ra 0.8 μm noma ngaphezulu odongeni lwangaphakathi, kunciphisa ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-pellet futhi kunegalelo kokubili ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.
Ukukhethwa Kwesilinganiso Sokucindezela Kokuphakelayo Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo: Ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni okuqondile kwesigayo—okuqukethe cishe i-fiber eluhlaza engu-18–22% evela ezikhwameni zebhali, ufulawa we-sunflower, kanye ne-alfalfa—onjiniyela bokusetshenziswa baseHongyang batusa isilinganiso sokucindezela esingu-1:9 kuya ku-1:10 sesabelo sezinkomo kanye no-1:7 kuya ku-1:8 sesabelo sezimbuzi esine-fiber ephezulu. Lezi zilinganiso zibonisa isimiso sobunjiniyela sokuthi izitsha zokudla ezine-fiber ephezulu zidinga ukucindezela okuphansi ukuze kugwenywe ukucindezela ngokweqile kwe-die, ukukhiqizwa kokushisa, kanye nokugqwala kobuso be-die—isimo lapho izinto zokudla ezishisiwe kakhulu zakha ungqimba oluqinile oluvimba imigodi ye-die futhi luphoqe ukuthi kumiswe okungahleliwe. Kwanikezwa ama-ring dies ahlukene efomula ngayinye, kanye ne-compression ratios eqoshiwe nge-laser emzimbeni we-die ukuze kubhekwe ku-opharetha.
Umklamo Wokuhlanganisa Amaroli: Amagobolondo e-roller e-pellet mill akhiqizwa ngebanga elifanayo lensimbi ye-alloy njenge-ring die, enencazelo yokuqina ehambisanayo eqinisekisa ukuguguleka okufanayo phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili. Ukuguguleka okungalingani—lapho ama-roller ewohloka ngokushesha kune-die noma okuphambene nalokho—kuyimbangela evamile yokwehla kwekhwalithi ye-pellet phakathi kwezikhawu zokulungisa, njengoba igebe phakathi kwe-roller kanye nendawo ye-die likhula futhi ingcindezi ye-extrusion iba engaguquki. Indlela ye-match-pair igcina i-geometry ye-nip-point ehambisanayo kuyo yonke isikhathi senkonzo ephelele.
Ukusebenza Kahle Kwesitimela Nokushayela: Lo mshini wokugaya usebenzisa i-gearbox esindayo enamagiya e-helical aqiniswe nge-case-harded, ahlanganiswe ngqo nenjini esebenza kahle kakhulu ye-IE3-class. Abaphathi bomshini wokugaya babala ukuthi inzuzo yokusebenza kahle yamaphesenti angu-2-3 yenjini ye-IE3 kunenjini ye-IE1 emshinini oshintshiwe izobuyisa izindleko ezengeziwe zingakapheli izinyanga eziyi-14 ngentengo kagesi yezimboni yaseKazakhstan engu-22-25 KZT nge-kWh (cishe i-USD 0.045-0.052).
Imiphumela Yokusebenza: Idatha Yokusebenza Yezinyanga Eziyisishiyagalombili
Idatha elandelayo yahlanganiswa umnyango wokukhiqiza wefekthri kusukela ngoJuni 2025 kuya kuJanuwari 2026 (izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili), uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2024:
| Ipharamitha | Ngaphambi Kokuthuthukiswa (2024) | Ngemva Kokuthuthukiswa (2025–26) | Ushintsho |
|---|---|---|---|
| Umthamo wokudla kwezinkomo (t/h) | 6.2 | 8.5 | +37.1% |
| Umthamo wokudla kwezimvu (t/h) | 5.8 | 7.6 | +31.0% |
| Inkomba Yokuqina Kwe-Pellet, izinkomo (%) | 88.7 | 94.2 | +5.5 amaphesenti |
| Inkomba Yokuqina Kwe-Pellet, izimvu (%) | 89.1 | 93.8 | +4.7 amaphesenti |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, izinkomo (kWh/t) | 16.8 | 14.3 | −14.9% |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, izimvu (kWh/t) | 17.4 | 14.9 | −14.4% |
| Isikhathi sesevisi ye-ring die (amahora) | 600 | 880 | +46.7% |
| Isikhathi sokuphumula sanyanga zonke, esihlobene nokufa (amahora) | 12 | 4 | −66.7% |
| Umthamo wokusebenza wansuku zonke (amathani) | 130 | 178 | +36.9% |
Izinto eziningana okufanele ziqashelwe:
Ukuthuthukiswa komthamo wesabelo sezinkomo kudlule isabelo sezinkomo ngamaphesenti angu-6.1, okuhambisana nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwefayibha yokwakheka kwezimbuzi okunciphisa izinga lokubola kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umshini unamandla angakanani. Lokhu kuyimpahla yezinto ezibonakalayo, hhayi umkhawulo wemishini.
Ukwehliswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla cishe ngo-15% kuzo zombili izinhlobo kulandelana eduze nezilinganiso zemboni zenzuzo yokusebenza kahle engatholakala uma kuthuthukiswa kusuka kumshini wokugaya i-pellet oneminyaka eyishumi ubudala kuya kumshini wesizukulwane samanje one-ring die echazwe kahle. Ngomthamo wokukhiqiza waminyaka yonke womshini wokugaya ongamathani angu-40,000, lokhu kuhunyushwa cishe ku-92,000 kWh elondolozwayo minyaka yonke—cishe i-KZT eyizigidi ezingu-4.2 ngamanani ezimboni akhona.
Ukwelulwa kwesikhathi senkonzo ye-ring die kusuka emahoreni angu-600 kuya kwangu-880 kumelela ukuthuthuka okungu-46.7%. Umphathi wokukhiqiza wefekthri waphawula ukuthi inzuzo yangempela yezomnotho iphansi kakhulu ezindlekweni ze-die kunasesikhathini sokuphumula esigwenyiwe: ushintsho ngalunye lwe-die ludle amahora angu-6-8, futhi kunciphisa imvamisa yokushintsha kusuka cishe kumahora angu-14 ngonyaka kuya kwangu-9 kukhulule amahora okukhiqiza engeziwe angu-30-40 ngonyaka.
Kungani Ikhwalithi Ye-Ring Die Ibalulekile Kokuphakelayo Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo
Ukufakwa kwe-pellet yokudla kwezilwane ezidla inyama kuveza izinselele zobunjiniyela ezihlukile uma kuqhathaniswa nenkukhu noma ukudla kwasemanzini. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwefayibha—ngokuvamile okungu-15–25% wefayibha eluhlaza uma kuqhathaniswa no-3–5% kokudla kwenkukhu—kusho ukuthi idayi kumele imelane nezinto ezilukhuni kanye namandla aphezulu athile okukhipha.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwefayibha kanye nobuso be-die kuyinto yomshini kunokuba kube yikhemikhali: imicu ye-cellulose kanye ne-hemicellulose ayiguquki ngepulasitiki ngesikhathi sokulungiswa njengoba kwenza isitashi. Idlula emigodini ye-die njengezakhiwo eziphelele, igubha izindonga zemigodi futhi ikhulisa kancane kancane ububanzi obusebenzayo. Njengoba ububanzi bukhula, isilinganiso sokucindezela esisebenzayo siyancipha, futhi ikhono le-die lokukhiqiza ama-pellet aqinile liyancipha. Ubulukhuni be-ring die—ikakhulukazi ukufana kobulukhuni ngokusebenzisa ubukhulu be-die obugcwele—yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokuphila kwenkonzo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-ruminant.
Inqubo kaHongyang yokuqinisa i-vacuum, efinyelela ubulukhuni obuqhubekayo emzimbeni we-die kunokuba ibe sendaweni yokusebenza kuphela, ibhekana ngqo nale modi yokwehluleka. Ukwandiswa okungu-46.7% empilweni yesevisi okubonwe emshinini we-Kostanay kuhambisana nalokho okubikezelwa yi-metallurgy ngama-dies ensimbi e-alloy kuma-ruminant rations aphakathi ne-fiber.
Inzuzo yesibili ukwehla kokuguquguquka kokuqina kwe-pellet kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Ngomshini wangaphambilini, ukuqina kwe-pellet kungahluka ngamaphesenti angu-3-4 phakathi kwedayi esanda kufakwa kanye nokuphela kokuphila okusondelayo. Idayi entsha inciphise leli banga laya cishe kumaphesenti angu-1.5—okwenza lula ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi nokunciphisa izikhalazo zamakhasimende.
Ukwaneliseka Kwamakhasimende kanye Nempendulo Ye-Feedlot
Amakhasimende angaphansi kwefekthri—izindawo zokudla zenyama yenkomo kanye nemisebenzi yokuqeda izimvu ethenga ama-pellets ayo—anikeza ukuqinisekiswa kwangaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kwemishini. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yithimba lokuthengisa lefekthri ngoDisemba 2025, oluhlanganisa ama-akhawunti ayo angu-12 amakhulu e-feedlot, lubuyisele impendulo elandelayo ehlanganisiwe:
Abaphathi abayisishiyagalolunye kwabayishumi nambili bezindawo zokudla babike ukwehla okubonakalayo kwezinhlawulo lapho kulethwa ama-pellet. Umphathi oyedwa, oqede cishe ama-3,000 ngonyaka, walinganisa intuthuko: “Ngaphambilini besibona amasentimitha angu-8-10 ezinhlawulo phansi kokulethwa ngakunye kwamathani angu-25. Manje kungaphansi kwamasentimitha amathathu njalo.”
Abaphenduli abayisikhombisa baphawule ukuthi ama-pellet agcina isimo sawo kangcono ngesikhathi sokusatshalaliswa kwe-auger, okunciphisa izinkinga zokubopha kanye nokuvaleka. Izindawo zokudla ezine ezigcina amarekhodi okuguqulwa kokudla zibike ukuthi isilinganiso sokudla-kuya-ukuzuza sithuthukisiwe, yize umshini uqaphela ngokubeka lokhu kuphela ekhwalithini yama-pellet uma kubhekwa izinguquko ezididayo zokushisa, izakhi zofuzo, kanye nokuphathwa kwe-bunk.
Amakhasimende okudla kwezimvu esikhungweni sokugaya—imisebenzi emincane eqeda amakhanda angu-500–2,000—abike ukubonwa okufanayo, kugcizelelwa ekunciphiseni ukumosheka kwendle. Izimvu, njengoba zikhetha kakhulu ukudla kunezinkomo, zihlunga futhi zenqabe izinhlawulo ngobudlova, okwenza ubuqotho be-pellet bubaluleke kakhulu kulesi sigaba.
Isiphetho
Umkhakha wokudla okuhlanganisiwe waseKazakhstan ukhula ngesivinini esizoqhubeka nokucindezela ingqalasizinda yokukhiqiza ekhona. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwemboni yesifunda saseKostanay ngemboni ye-pellet ye-Hongyang HYPM kubonisa isimiso esibanzi: emakethe ekhula kakhulu, isinqumo semali ngemishini yokugaya kumele sibhekele ezomnotho zomjikelezo wokuphila—ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, impilo yesevisi, izindleko zesikhathi sokungasebenzi, kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende—kunokuba kuthengwe ngentengo yodwa.
Idatha yokusebenza eqoshwe emshinini wokugaya iKostanay, ehlanganisa izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili zokukhiqiza okuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu nezokusebenza ezidingayo, inikeza inkomba eqinisekisiwe yabakhiqizi bokudla ababhekene nezinselele ezifanayo eKazakhstan kanye nemakethe ebanzi yase-Asia Ephakathi. KuHongyang, leli cala liqinisa ikhono lenkampani lokuletha izixazululo ze-ring die kanye ne-pellet mill eziqondene nohlelo lokusebenza lokudla okufuywayo—ingxenye efuna ukunakwa okukhethekile ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi, ubunjiniyela besilinganiso sokucindezela, kanye nokuqina ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezihlukumezayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-11-2026
