Isifinyezo
IBelarus, njengelungu le-Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amandla ayo okukhiqiza ukudla kwezinkukhu. Izindleko zokukhiqiza ukudla zibiza u-50-60% wezindleko zomkhiqizo wezilwane ezifuywayo, okwenza ubuchwepheshe bokufaka ama-pellet obusebenzayo bube yinto eza kuqala. Lesi sihloko sihlola izici zobuchwepheshe zemishini yokugaya ama-pellet e-ring die esetshenziselwa ukudla kwe-broiler, ngokugxila ekuqondeni kokubhoboza imigodi kanye nomthelela wayo ekuqineni kwama-pellet. Siphinde sibukeze indlela abakhiqizi be-ring die abakhethekile—okuboniswe yiLiyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd.—ababhekana ngayo nezidingo zobuchwepheshe kanye neziqinisekiso zemakethe yaseBelarus.
1. Isizinda Semboni: I-Belarus kanye neMakethe Yemishini Yokuphakelayo ye-EAEU
I-Belarus ingenisa ingxenye enkulu yemishini yayo yezolimo, okuhlanganisa nemishini yokucubungula ukudla. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imishini ibilokhu ibalwa phakathi kwezigaba ezintathu eziphezulu zokungenisa, ilandela uwoyela ongahluziwe kanye nemishini yokuthutha. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-EAEU, iBelarus isebenzisa intela yamasiko ehlanganisiwe, futhi imishini engeniswe evela eShayina ingazuza emazingeni entela akhethekile ngaphansi kweSivumelwano Sokubambisana Kwezomnotho Nezohwebo saseShayina-Eurasian Economic Union, uma nje ikhodi ye-HS efanele (ngokuvamile u-8436.10 yemishini yemboni yokudla) kanye nesitifiketi semvelaphi (iFomu E) sikhona.
Kwabalimi bokudla baseBelarus, ukukhetha umshini wokugaya i-ring die pellet akuyona nje isinqumo sokuthenga—kuyisibopho sokusebenza isikhathi eside. I-ring die, njengengxenye yokuguguleka okuyinhloko, inquma ngqo ikhwalithi ye-pellet, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nemvamisa yokugcinwa.
2. Ikhwalithi ye-Pellet Yokuphakelwa Kwezinkukhu: Amapharamitha Obuchwepheshe kanye Nokulinganisa
2.1 Inkomba Yokuqina Kwe-Pellet (PDI)
Ikhwalithi yama-pellet ekukhiqizweni kwenkukhu ihlolwa ngokwenani yi-Pellet Durability Index (PDI), elinganisa iphesenti lama-pellet asele engashintshiwe ngemuva kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokuwa. Inqubo imi kanje:
1. Isampula ye-pellet epholile emele iyahlungwa ukuze kususwe izinhlawulo ezikhona; isisindo sangaphambi kokugoba siqoshwa njengo-$W_{\text{before}}$.
2. Isampula ifakwa kumhloli wemishini (isib. i-Pfost noma i-Holmen) isikhathi esibekiwe.
3. Ngemva kokuwa, isampula iyavinjelwa kabusha; ama-pellet aphelele ayalinganiswa ($W_{\text{after}}$).
I-PDI (%) = \frac{W_{after}}{W_{before}} \times 100
Kokuphakelwa kwenkukhu, i-PDI engu-≥ 90–95% ibhekwa njengeyamukelekayo kwezentengiselwano. Amanani aphezulu e-PDI ahlobene nokudla okuthuthukisiwe, ukukhuluphala okungcono, kanye nesilinganiso sokuguqulwa kokudla esiphansi (i-FCR).
2.2 Igalelo Lokwakhiwa Nokucutshungulwa
Izincwadi zobuchwepheshe zibonisa ukuthi ukwakheka nokugaya kubalwa cishe u-60% wekhwalithi ye-pellet, kuyilapho inqubo yokugaya ngokwayo inikela ngo-40% osele ngaphakathi kwenqubo yokugaya, izici ezintathu zingalawulwa ngomshini:
- Ukulungisa: Ukushisa komusi kanye nesikhathi sokugcina kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwesitashi, okuyindlela eyinhloko yokubopha ekudleni kwezinkukhu.
- Imininingwane yedayi: Isilinganiso sokucindezela, ububanzi bembobo, kanye nokuphela kobuso kunquma ukuminyana kwe-pellet kanye ne-PDI.
- Ukupholisa: Ukupholisa okunganele kwenza ama-pellets aqhekeke, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwangemva kwe-pellet.
3. Ubuchwepheshe Bokwenza Imigodi Enendandatho: Umongo Wekhwalithi Ye-Pellet
3.1 Amapharamitha Okuklama Ama-Broiler Feed Ring Dies
| Ipharamitha | Ibanga Elijwayelekile Lokuphakelwa Kwezinkukhu | Isizathu Sobuchwepheshe |
|————–|——————————-|———————|
| Ububanzi bembobo | 2.5–4.0 mm | Ihambisana nosayizi womlomo kanye nomsebenzi we-gizzard wenkukhu ezinkukhu |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela (L/D) | 1:4 kuya ku-1:11 | Ilinganisa ukuminyana kwama-pellet kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla |
| Ukuqina kwethagethi | HRC 54–60 (ukwelashwa ngemva kokushisa) | Iqinisekisa ukumelana nokuguguleka ngaphandle kokuqina |
| Ibanga lezinto | X46Cr13 / 4Cr13 noma 20MnCr5 / 20CrMnTi | Insimbi engagqwali noma ye-alloy ephezulu ye-chromium yokugqwala nokumelana nokuguguleka |
3.2 Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Nokunemba Kwemigodi
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-ring die enembile kakhulu kulandela ukuhamba komsebenzi okulandelanayo, lapho ukubhoboza imigodi ejulile kuyisigaba esidinga kakhulu ubuchwepheshe.
1. Ukukhetha izinto zokwakha kanye nokufaka: Imigoqo eyindilinga yensimbi ecwengekile kakhulu ifakwa ibe yizimbobo zendandatho. Ukufaka kuthuthukisa isakhiwo sezinhlamvu futhi kuthuthukisa ukuqina, okubalulekile ekumelaneni nemithwalo yokucindezela ejikelezayo ngesikhathi sokufaka i-pellet.
2. Ukujika okuqinile nokuqediwe: I-CNC lathes ifaka umshini wokwakha ububanzi obuqondile bangaphakathi nangaphandle.
3. Ukulungiselela ukubhoboza ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Idayi iphakathi nendawo, futhi izici ezisizayo (imigodi yokufaka, imigwaqo eyinhloko) ziyacutshungulwa ngomshini.
4. Ukubhoboza ngemigodi ejulile (inqubo eyinhloko): Izinkulungwane zemigodi zibhobozwa ngendandatho ebanzi. Abakhiqizi banamuhla basebenzisa imishini yokubhoboza ngemigodi ejulile ye-CNC esebenzisa amathuluzi okubhoboza ngezibhamu i-BTA. Lezi zindlela ziletha i-coolant enomfutho ophezulu nge-shank yokubhoboza ukuze kuhlanzwe ama-chips njalo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi imigodi iqondile kanye nobuso bangaphakathi obubushelelezi.
5. Ukubopha imbobo (ukusika imbobo): Umnyango womgodi ngamunye ukhuliswa ngokukhululeka okuqondile noma okunezitebhisi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukungqubuzana kanye nokucindezela komshini, okuvumela ukudla kwenkukhu okuthambile ukuthi kuphume kahle futhi kwandise impilo yemishini yomshini.
6. Ukwelashwa ngokushisa: Idayi iyashintsha ibe yi-normalizing, tempering, kanye ne-vacuum quenching. Ukucima idayi kubaluleke kakhulu kumadayi ensimbi engagqwali ukuvimbela i-oxidation nokugcina indawo yangaphakathi ihlanzekile. Inhloso ukuqina okufanayo kwe-HRC 54–60 kanye nokuphambuka okuncane.
7. Umshini wokugcina wokupholisha nokulungisa: Ngemva kokwelashwa ngokushisa, imbobo yomshini kanye nobuso kuyaqedwa. Ukupholisha okukhethwayo kwe-CNC kwama-counterbore kunciphisa kakhulu ukungqubuzana.
8. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi: Idayi ngayinye ihlolwa ukunemba kobukhulu, ukufana kobulukhuni, kanye nokuphela kobuso ngaphambi kokupakisha.
3.3 Umthelela Wokuqedwa Komphetho Wembobo ku-PDI
Indawo evulekile noma enezimbobo yandisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-feed mash nodonga lwe-die, okuholela ku:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu (kWh/ton)
- Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa okuhle ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-pellet
- Ubuningi be-pellet obungalingani
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imbobo ebushelelezi, ebholiwe kahle inciphisa ukushisa okukhuhlanayo, ithuthukisa ukukhishwa kwama-pellet, futhi inegalelo ku-PDI ephezulu. Kuma-feed mill aseBelarusian asebenza endaweni ebandayo yokuthutha, i-PDI ephezulu ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ama-pellet kumele abhekane nokuphathwa okwengeziwe kanye nokucindezeleka kokuthutha ngaphandle kokwephuka okukhulu.
4. Icala Lomkhiqizi: Indlela Yobuchwepheshe Nesevisi Yemishini Yokuphakelayo yaseHongyang
I-Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. (ebizwa ngokuthi “i-Hongyang”) yasungulwa ngo-2006 futhi igxile ku-R&D kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-ring dies, ama-flat dies, ama-pellet mills, ama-hammer mills, kanye nama-mixer. Ngokungafani nabaphakeli bemishini yenhloso ejwayelekile, ikhono eliyinhloko le-Hongyang lisekukhiqizweni kwama-ring dies nama-roller anembayo kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, kufaka phakathi ukudla kwezinkukhu nezilwane, ukudla kwasemanzini, ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo, kanye nama-biomass pellets.
4.1 Amakhono Obuchwepheshe Afanele Imakethe YaseBelarus
- Ukwelashwa ngezinto zokwakha kanye nokushisa: I-Hongyang isebenzisa insimbi engagqwali yezinga eliphezulu (isb., i-X46Cr13) futhi isebenzisa i-vacuum quenching ukuze kufezwe ubulukhuni obufanayo kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo. Kumakhasimende aseBelarus, lokhu kusho ukuthi kuncane ukushintshashintsha kwedayi ngesikhathi ngasinye sokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi ye-pellet ehambisanayo.
- Ukubhoboza imigodi ejulile ye-CNC: Le nkampani isebenzisa imishini yokubhoboza i-CNC ring die ekwazi ukukhiqiza imigodi ebushelelezi, ebekwe kahle. Leli khono lisekela ngqo izidingo eziphezulu ze-PDI zezinhlobo zesimanje zokudla kwe-broiler.
- Ukwenza ngokwezifiso: Imiklamo yaseHongyang iyafa ngezilinganiso ezithile zokucindezela kanye namaphethini emigodi aklanyelwe iphrofayili yezinto zokusetshenziswa zomthengi. Kumafektri okuphakelayo aseBelarus avame ukusebenzisa ingxube yokusanhlamvu kwendawo (ukolweni, ibhali) kanye nokudla kwesoya okungenisiwe, lokhu kwenza ngokwezifiso kubaluleke kakhulu ngokobuchwepheshe.
- Imibhalo yekhwalithi: Idayi ngayinye ihlinzekwa ngesitifiketi sezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nemibiko yokuhlola ubulukhuni, okwenza kube lula ukuhambisana kweklayenti nemithethonqubo yobuchwepheshe ye-EAEU (TR CU 010/2011 yokuphepha kwemishini, TR CU 004/2011 yokuphepha kukagesi).
4.2 Ulwazi Lokuthumela Ngaphandle kanye Nokuzivumelanisa Nemakethe ye-EAEU
Imishini kaHongyang ithunyelwe eRussia, eVietnam, ePhilippines, e-Indonesia, eThailand, eMalaysia, eBangladesh, eNdiya, ePakistan, eSyria, e-Iran, eGibhithe, e-Oman naseSenegal. Lokhu kusabalala kwendawo kubonisa ikhono lenkampani lokuphatha izinto zomhlaba wonke, imibhalo, kanye nezidingo zesitifiketi ezahlukahlukene.
Ngokuqondene nemakethe yaseBelarusian, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zibalulekile:
- Ukusekelwa kwesitifiketi: I-Hongyang inikeza imibhalo yobuchwepheshe ukusekela isicelo seklayenti sesitifiketi se-GOST-B (uphawu lokuhambisana ne-EAEU oludingekayo ekungenisweni kwemishini).
- Logistics: Imishini esindayo njengemishini yokugaya i-ring die pellet ivame ukuthunyelwa ngesitimela esinamakhonteyina kusetshenziswa i-China-Europe Railway Express, kanti i-Minsk yindawo eyinhloko okuya kuyo. I-Hongyang inolwazi ekulungiseleleni imishini yokuthutha isitimela ebangeni elide, okuhlanganisa ukupakisha okulwa nokugqwala kanye ne-crating engashaqeki.
- Isevisi yangemva kokuthengisa: I-Hongyang ithumela onjiniyela ukuze bayofaka endaweni, baqashe, futhi baqeqeshe opharetha. Kumakhasimende aseBelarus, le modeli yesevisi inciphisa ingozi ehlobene nokungenisa imishini ekhethekile evela phesheya kwezilwandle.
4.3 Ukucushwa Kwemishini Emele
Nakuba izinkomba ezithile zamakhasimende aseBelarus zingadalulwanga esidlangalaleni, ukucushwa okuvamile kwefektri yokudla yaseBelarus efuna ukukhiqiza ukudla kwenkukhu okungu-5–10 t/h kungafaka:
- I-SZLH420 eyodwa noma i-SZLH508 ring die pellet mill, ifakwe i-gear drive enembile kakhulu kanye ne-ring die yensimbi engagqwali (ububanzi bembobo bungu-3.0–3.5 mm, isilinganiso sokucindezela sihambisana nokwakheka kwendawo).
- Imishini yokusekela: umshini wokugaya i-hammer, umshini wokuxuba i-batch, ama-conditioner, umshini wokupholisa ohamba ngokuphambana, kanye nesihlungo esidlidlizayo.
- Umphumela olindelekile: ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile kumthamo oqondiwe, i-PDI ≥ 92%, kanye nempilo yesevisi yokufa eqhathaniswa nezilinganiso zomhlaba wonke eziphakathi kuya kweziphezulu.
5. Ingxoxo: Ukuhlola Ikhwalithi Ye-Ring Die Yezigayo Zokuphakelayo ZaseBelarusian
Lapho behlola umshini wokugaya i-ring die pellet noma i-replacement ring dies, abaphathi bomshini wokugaya ukudla waseBelarus kufanele bacabangele izici ezilandelayo zobuchwepheshe nezokuhweba:
1. Cacisa imininingwane yezinto zokusetshenziswa: Nikeza umhlinzeki ifomula emele (uhlu lwezithako, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya) ukuze isilinganiso sokucindezela kanye nephethini yembobo kuklanywe kahle.
2. Cela isitifiketi sezinto: Cela imibiko yokuhlolwa kwemishini kanye namamephu okuqina. Umhlinzeki othembekile uzokunikeza lokhu ngaphandle kokungabaza.
3. Qinisekisa indlela yokubhoboza imigodi: Ukubhoboza imigodi ejulile ye-CNC ene-coolant enomfutho ophezulu kuyindlela yokulinganisa embonini yamanje. Ukubhoboza izibhamu noma ukubhoboza i-BTA kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokusobala.
4. Hlola amadokhumenti okuthobela imithetho ye-EAEU: Qinisekisa ukuthi umhlinzeki anganikeza isimemezelo se-EAC esiwuhlaka kanye nepasipoti yobuchwepheshe ngesiRashiya noma ngesiNgisi.
5. Hlola ukusabela ngemva kokuthengisa: EBelarus, izikhathi zokulethwa kwezingxenye ezisele kanye nokutholakala kokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe okukude kuyizinto ezibalulekile zokusebenza.
6. Isiphetho
Ukuthengwa kwe-ring die pellet mill yokukhiqizwa kokudla kwe-broiler eBelarus kuyisinqumo esibalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe nakwezentengiselwano. Ukunemba kokubhoboza imigodi kwe-ring die kuyisici esibalulekile sokuqina kwe-pellet (PDI) futhi, ngokwengeziwe, ukusebenza kokukhula kwe-broiler kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko zokudla. Abakhiqizi abahlanganisa ukubhoboza imigodi ejulile ye-CNC ethuthukisiwe, ukwelashwa kokushisa okulawulwayo, kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso okuqondene nohlelo lokusebenza—njengeLiyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd.—basesimweni esihle sokukhonza izidingo zemakethe yaseBelarus ezishintshayo.
Kwabalimi bokudla baseBelarusian, indlela eya kuma-pellets okuphakelayo e-broiler asezingeni eliphezulu iqala ngokuhlolwa okuqinile kobuchwepheshe kwe-ring die. Ngokugxila kumapharamitha alinganiswayo—ukuphela kobuso bembobo, ukunemba kwesilinganiso sokucindezela, isitifiketi sezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nekhono lomhlinzeki ngemuva kokuthengisa—ama-mill angenza izinqumo zokuthenga eziletha imbuyiselo elinganiswayo ngekhwalithi yama-pellet kanye nokuthembeka kokusebenza.
Izinkomba
1. Imithethonqubo yezobuchwepheshe ye-EAEU (TR CU 010/2011, TR CU 004/2011, TR CU 020/2011, TR EEU 048/2019).
2. Isivumelwano Sokubambisana Kwezomnotho Nokuhweba phakathi kweShayina ne-Eurasian Economic Union (imibandela yentela ekhethwayo).
3. Izinqubo zokulinganisa i-Pellet Durability Index (PDI) (izindlela zokuhlola ze-Pfost kanye ne-Holmen).
4. Izincwadi zobuchwepheshe zokukhiqiza i-ring die: Ukubhoboza imigodi ejulile ye-CNC, i-BTA kanye nezicelo zokubhoboza izibhamu emishinini yokudla.
5. Imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe yenkampani iLiyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. kanye nemininingwane yomkhiqizo.
6. Ikhodi ye-HS 8436.10 – Imishini yezimboni zokudla noma zeziphuzo (ukuhlukaniswa kwemishini yokucubungula ukudla).
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-27-2026
