Isifinyezo esiphezulu
Imboni yokudla kwezilwane yaseNingizimu Afrika ikhiqize cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.95 okuphakelwa okuhlanganisiwe ezinyangeni eziyishumi zokuqala zika-2025, okuphinda kukhuphuke ngo-4.1% kusukela ekuncipheni kuka-2024, ngokusho kwedatha ye-AFMA (Animal Feed Manufacturers Association). Ngaphakathi kwale makethe, ukudla kwezinkomo zobisi kumelela ingxenye yenani eliphezulu lapho ikhwalithi yama-pellet ithinta ngqo isivuno sobisi kanye nenzuzo yepulazi. Lolu cwaningo luhlola ukuthi umshini wokudla wobisi ophakathi nendawo KwaZulu-Natali, eNingizimu Afrika, wabhekana kanjani nezinkinga zokuqina kwama-pellet ngokufaka esikhundleni se-cooler yawo evundile evundile nge-cooler ye-counterflow yochungechunge lwe-Hongyang SKLN, ehlanganiswe ne-SZLH(HYPM) series ring die pellet mill. Umphumela waba ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Pellet Durability Index kusuka ku-89% kuya ku-97% kanye nokwehliswa kwezinhlawulo okungaphezu kuka-60%.
1. Umongo Wemboni: Imakethe Yokudla YaseNingizimu Afrika Ekululameni
Imakethe yokudla kwezilwane yaseNingizimu Afrika yayilinganiselwa ku-USD 2.46 billion ngo-2024 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-USD 3.14 billion ngo-2033, ikhula ku-CAGR engu-2.74% ngokusho kwe-IMARC Group. Ukukhiqizwa kobisi kuyimbangela ebalulekile: Umkhiqizo wobisi olungavuthiwe waseNingizimu Afrika ufinyelele cishe ku-3.73 million metric tons ngo-2024, kanye nesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esibikezelwe esingaba ngu-2.0% kuze kube ngu-2028 (USDA Foreign Agricultural Service).
Umbiko Wokudla Kwezilwane we-AFMA ka-Okthoba 2025 ubhale ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwanyanga zonke okungamathani angu-632,068, okuwukwenyuka okungu-2.7% ngonyaka uma kuqhathaniswa no-Okthoba 2024. UDkt. Lucius Phaleng, umeluleki wezohwebo e-AFMA, uphawule ukuthi "ukukhula kwe-m/m kanye no-y/y ekukhiqizweni kokudla kugqamisa ukululama kwemboni" ngemuva kokwehla komnotho ngo-2024. Ukudla kobisi, ikakhulukazi, kuye kwabona ukukhula kwesidingo okuqhubekayo njengoba amapulazi obisi ezentengiselwano andisa ubukhulu bemihlambi futhi efuna ukuhambisana kokudla okunempilo.
Kubakhiqizi bokudla abakhonza umkhakha wobisi, ikhwalithi yama-pellet ayiyona indawo yokumaketha - kuyisidingo sokusebenza. Izinkomo zobisi ziyazwela uhlobo lokudla; izifundo ezanyatheliswa kuyi-Journal of Dairy Science zibonise ukuthi ukugxila kwama-pellet kuthuthukisa ukuhambisana kokudla futhi kunciphisa ukuziphatha kokuhlunga uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla okuxutshwe. Ukuqina kwama-pellet okungekuhle kuholela ezinhlawulweni, okuvame ukwenqatshwa yizinkomo, okuholela ekuchithekeni kokudla kanye nokudla okunomsoco okungalingani.
2. Inselele Yekhasimende
Indawo yokudla, etholakala eMidlands KwaZulu-Natal — enye yezindawo zobisi eziyinhloko eNingizimu Afrika — ikhiqiza cishe amathani angu-8,000 okudla kwezinkomo zobisi minyaka yonke. Lesi sikhungo sikhonza amapulazi obisi ebhizinisi angaphezu kuka-40 ngaphakathi kwerediyasi engamakhilomitha angu-150. Umugqa wayo wokukhiqiza wawusekelwe esiqandisini esivundlile esafakwa ngo-2014.
Ekuqaleni kuka-2025, abaphathi befekthri bathole izinkinga ezintathu eziqhubekayo:
I-Low Pellet Durability Index (PDI).** Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuvamile kubonise amanani e-PDI alinganiselwa ku-89%, ngaphansi kokulinganisa komkhakha okungu-95% kwama-pellets okudla kobisi. I-PDI ephansi ilandelwe ukupholisa okungalingani: ukuhamba komoya okuqondile kwe-cooler oqondile kwadala umehluko wokushisa ofika kuma-degrees Celsius angu-15 ngaphesheya kombhede we-pellet, okwabangela ukucindezeleka kokushisa ukuqhekeka kwengqimba yangaphandle ye-pellet.
Izinhlawulo ezidlulele.** Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlawulo esiteshini sokufaka izikhwama kudlule u-4% ngesisindo, okudinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kanye nokucubungula kabusha. Lokhu kwenezele amahora okusebenza alinganiselwa ku-2.3 ngeshifti ngayinye kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okwandisiwe okuvela ekujikelezeni kabusha izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngokusebenzisa umshini wokugaya ama-pellet.
Ukungalingani komswakama.** Okuqukethwe komswakama kokugcina kwahluka phakathi kuka-10.5% no-14.2%, kudlula umgomo onqunyiwe ongu-12.0% ± 0.5%. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo saKwaZulu-Natali, ukungalingani komswakama nakho kwaphakamisa ingozi yesikhunta ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthuthwa.
Umphathi wokusebenza wefekthri ufingqe lesi simo: “Besikhiqiza ama-pellet amahle edayisini — kodwa besilahlekelwa yikhwalithi ngemva kokupholisa. Izinombolo zisitshele ukuthi i-cooler yiyona ebangela inkinga.”
3. Ukuhlolwa Kobuchwepheshe Nokukhethwa Kwemishini
Umshini wokugaya uhlole izinketho ezintathu: ukulungisa i-horizontal cooler ekhona, ukuthenga i-vertically counterflow cooler esetshenzisiwe kumhlinzeki waseYurophu, noma ukutshala imali emishinini emisha. Ngemva kwesikhathi sokuhlola samasonto ayisithupha, ithimba likhethe ubuchwepheshe obusha bokupholisa i-counterflow ngezizathu ezilandelayo:
Ukusebenza kahle kokushisa.** Ama-counterflow cooler asebenza ngesimiso sokuthi umoya opholile ozungezile ungene phansi kwekholomu ye-pellet bese uhambela phezulu ngokumelene nokugeleza okuphansi kwama-hot pellets. Lokhu kudala i-gradient yokushisa kancane kancane, efanayo. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe yi-American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) luqinisekisa ukuthi ukupholisa okuphambene kunciphisa ukuqhekeka kokushisa ngokugcina umehluko wokushisa ongekho ngaphezu kwama-degrees Celsius angu-5 kulo lonke isisindo se-pellet — uma kuqhathaniswa nama-degrees Celsius angu-15 kuya kwangu-20 ezinhlelweni ezivundlile.
Ukulawulwa kwesikhathi sokuhlala.** Umklamo wokuhamba okuphambene uvumela ukulungiswa okunembile kwesikhathi sokuhlala kwe-pellet ngendlela yokukhipha isivinini esiguquguqukayo. Ama-pellet okuphakelayo kobisi, ngokuvamile angamamilimitha angu-4 kuya kwangu-6 ububanzi anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha avela ezithakweni zeprotheyini edlulayo, adinga izikhathi zokupholisa ezinde kunokudla kwezinkukhu okujwayelekile. Izinga lokukhipha elilungisekayo lenza abaqhubi bakwazi ukufanisa isikhathi sokupholisa nezici ze-pellet kunokwamukela isivinini sokuhambisa esinqunyiwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.** Ngenxa yokuthi ama-cooler ahambisanayo asebenzisa umoya ofudumele ngendlela yemvelo, adinga amandla aphansi efeni kune-cooler evundlile ukuze kusebenze okufanayo. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla kwemboni kubikezele ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kukagesi okuhlobene nama-cooler cishe ngo-18%.
Imishini ekhethiwe kwakuyi-cooler ye-counterflow yochungechunge lwe-Hongyang SKLN, ehambisana ne-series ring die pellet mill ekhona kakade esebenza emgqeni wokukhiqiza. Uchungechunge lwe-SKLN lwenzelwe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ezigayweni zokudla eziphakathi kuya kwezinkulu, ezinezici ezifaka uhlelo lokukhipha umoya, isivunguvungu esihlanganisiwe sokubuyisa izinhlawulo, kanye nombhede wensimbi engagqwali ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuguqulwa kwe-pellet.
4. Ukuqaliswa kanye Nemiphumela
Ukufakwa kwaqedwa ngoJulayi 2025 ngesikhathi sokulungiswa okuhleliwe kwamahora angu-72. Ithimba lobuchwepheshe laseHongyang linikeze ukwesekwa kokugunyazwa kude, okuhlanganisa ukulinganiswa komoya, uhlelo lwezinga lokukhishwa, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi mayelana nezinqubo zokuqapha umswakama.
Imboni iqhube isivivinyo sokusebenza sezinsuku ezingu-30 ngemiphumela elandelayo elinganiselwe:
| Isilinganiso sokusebenza | Ngaphambi (Isipholile Esivundlile) | Ngemuva (ukugeleza kwe-SKLN Counterflow) | Ukuthuthukiswa |
|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | — | — |
| Inkomba Yokuqina Kwe-Pellet (PDI) | 89.2% | 97.1% | +7.9 amaphesenti amaphuzu |
| Izinhlawulo esiteshini sokufaka izikhwama | 4.1% ngesisindo | 1.5% ngesisindo | -63.4% |
| Ukungaguquguquki kokugcina komswakama | 10.5%–14.2% | 11.8%–12.3% | Ngaphakathi kwencazelo ye-±0.5% |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okupholile | 18.5 kW | 15.2 kW | -17.8% |
| Ukucubungula kabusha amahora okusebenza ngeshifti ngayinye | Amahora angu-2.3 | Amahora angu-0.4 | -82.6% |
Ukuthuthuka kwe-PDI kusuka ku-89.2% kuya ku-97.1% kubeke umkhiqizo wefekthri ngaphezu kokulinganisa kwemboni okungu-95%. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuhambisana kwemiphumela kugcinwe phakathi nesikhathi sokuhlolwa sezinsuku ezingu-30, kufaka phakathi nezimo zasehlobo ezimanzi zaKwaZulu-Natali lapho amazinga okushisa avamile edlula ama-degree Celsius angu-30 njalo.
5. Impendulo Yamakhasimende kanye Nesipiliyoni Sesevisi
Umphathi wokusebenza wefekthri ubike okuphawuliwe okuthathu ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa kwangemva kokufakwa:
Okokuqala, ukwehla kwezinhlawulo kuthuthukise ngqo ubudlelwano namakhasimende. "Abalimi bethu bobisi baqaphela ngokushesha. Uthuli oluncane emigqonyeni yokudla kwasho ukwenqaba okuncane, futhi bayeka ukukhala ngemithwalo engaguquki."
Okwesibili, ukulungiswa okulula kwe-SKLN cooler kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Uhlelo lokukhipha umoya lunezingxenye ezimbalwa ezihambayo kunendlela yokusebenza ye-rack-and-pinion ye-cooler yangaphambili evundlile, futhi indawo yombhede wensimbi engagqwali kulula ukuyihlanza phakathi kwamaqoqo okukhiqiza.
Okwesithathu, ukusabela kwethimba laseHongyang ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwaphawulwa njengento ehlukanisayo. Lapho kuvela inkinga encane yokulinganisa ngenzwa yokuhamba komoya ngosuku lwesibili lokusebenza, ithimba lobuchwepheshe lanikeza isethi yepharamitha ebuyekeziwe zingakapheli amahora amane ngokufinyelela kude, okuxazulula inkinga ngaphandle kokudinga ukuvakashelwa endaweni.
6. Isiphetho
Leli cala libonisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa — obuvame ukubhekwa njengento yesibili ekwakhiweni kwemishini yokudla — kungaba yisici esinqumayo sekhwalithi yama-pellet ekudleni kwezinkomo zobisi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemishini yokugaya i-ring die pellet yaseHongyang kanye ne-SKLN counterflow cooler kwenze umshini wokugaya waKwaZulu-Natali wakwazi ukuphakamisa i-PDI yawo cishe ngamaphesenti angu-8, wanciphisa izinhlawulo ngaphezu kuka-60%, futhi wafinyelela ukuqina komswakama ngaphakathi kwebhendi yokucaciswa okuqinile. Emakethe lapho umkhakha wobisi waseNingizimu Afrika wanda cishe ngo-2% ngonyaka futhi abakhiqizi bokudla bencintisana ngekhwalithi hhayi ngentengo yodwa, ukutshalwa kwezimali emishinini yangemva kokukhipha i-pellet kuveza imbuyiselo elinganisekayo kokubili ekusebenzeni kahle nasekugcinweni kwamakhasimende.
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Imithombo yedatha: Umbiko Wokudla Kwezilwane we-AFMA (Okthoba 2025); Iqembu le-IMARC, “Usayizi Wemakethe Yokudla Kwezilwane yaseNingizimu Afrika kanye Nesidingo sika-2033″; Isevisi Yezolimo Yangaphandle ye-USDA, “Ubisi Nemikhiqizo YaseNingizimu Afrika Yonyaka”; Izinga Elijwayelekile le-ASABE S319.4, “Indlela Yokunquma Nokuveza Ubuncane Bezinto Zokudla Ngokuzihlanza.”*
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-29-2026
